01-Harfu Jar

Harfu Jar   حَرْفُ  جَرٍّ

Harf of Jar has no properties (No raf', Nasb, Jarr)

These words make the word that come after it to be Jarr in status (Majruur).

A word becomes majruur because of:

1. harfu jar

2. mudhaf ilaih

Memorise these 8 Harfu Jarrin that can be found in the Quran :
مِنْ  إلى  عَنْ   عَلَى   فِي   الْبَاء   الْكَاف   الْلام

 مِنْ  main meaning = "From" (time "zamaniyah", location "makaniyah")
Other meanings = since, than,  by, of, out of, because of, some of, instead of, replacement of, that is, any, through, during,
from the masjid  مِنَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ    
from the evening   مِنَ الْمَسَاءِ 
from the evildoers  مِنَ الْظَّالِمِينَ

إِلَى   main meaning = "To"  (time "zamaniyah", location "makaniyah"),
Other meanings = with, for, to, until, as far as, towards, compared to,
to the masjid  إِلَى ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ   
until the evening    إِلَى الْمَسَاءِ 
whoever help me is with Allah.  مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى ٱللهِ 

عَنْ  main meaning = "About",
Other meanings = from, to , for, 
from Abu Hurayrah   عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةِ    
about what    عَمَّا

عَلَى   - on , upon,   
on the earth  عَلَى الْأَرضِ    
upon him   عَلَيهِمْ

فِي   main meaning = "In" (time, location),
Other meanings = at, on, to, into, because of, in comparison of,  a form of emphasis with no english translation, eg.  
in the country   فِي الْبِلَادِ  
 

 الْبَاءُ    The letter Ba'  ب  attached to another word.
Main meaning = "With" (in contact, nearby), "using"
Other meanings =  in, to, at, because, about, together with,  with replacement of, with some of, a form of emphasis with no english translation,
with the pen  بِالْقَلَمِ   

with my friend    بِصَدِيقِي 

الْكَافُ    The letter Kaf  ك  attached to another word.
Main meaning = "Like"
Other meanings = as, similar to, because, a form of emphasis with no english translation,
Like stones كَالْحِجَارَةِ
because indeed he   كَأَنَّهُ
Not "indeed" similar (to) anything   لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ

الْلَامُ    The letter Lam  ل  attached to another word.

Main meaning = "For"
Other meanings = to, belongs to, surely, let, on, in, after .

All praise and gratitude belongs to Allah   اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ

to me إِلَىَّ    to him إِلَيْهِ 

for him لَهُ

Lam tawkid:  surely you (all)   لَكُنْتُمْ

Lam amr: and let him fear Allah   وَلْيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ

In the day of resurrection  لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ

after you seen it  (the moon)  لِرُؤْيَتِهِ

The full set of Harfu Jarr including those not in the Quran

مِنْ  إلى  عَنْ   عَلَى   فِي   الْبَاء   الْكَاف   الْلام 

وَ = and ( waw of oath-qasam, not waw aTof)

تَ = by

مُنذُ = since

مُذ = since

خَلا  = except

 رُبَّ  = ? 

 حَاشَا   = far be it ?   

عَدَا = return

Harfu Jarrin with attached pronoun after it

The attached pronouns are Jarr in status (majruur) :-

مِنْهُ       (with him)

مِنْهُما  (with the two of them)   

 مِنْهُم  (with them)

              مِنْهَا      مِنْهُما       مِنْهُنَّ

      مِنْكَ      مِنْكُما        مِنْكُم

 مِنْكِ      مِنْكُما      مِنْكُنَّ

        مِنِّى        مِنَّا   

Harfu Jarrin with ism mauSul after it

These ism mauSul are Jarr in status (majruur) :-

عَلَى مَا

مِنْ مَنْ 

قَبْلُ   After Harfu Jarr :-

مِنْ قَبْلُ  ، مِنْ قَبْلَ ، مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ

Majruur only when attached with a pronoun. 

Changes in Harakat

(1)  مِنَ المَسْجِدِ = مِنْ 

مِنَ  with a fathah meeting with hamzah wasal. 

عَنِ المَسْجِدِ   = عَنْ (2) 

عَنِ with a kasrah meeting with hamzah wasal. 

(3)  عَلَى + هُمْ   ( 'Alaa + Hum ) 

عَلَى  ( 'Alaa ) mad aSli  - becomes ->   عَلَيْ  ( 'Alai ) harfu lin.

هُمْ change to kasrah becomes = هِمْ ( Him )  

 هُمْ  ( Hum ) is  ثِقَل  (heavy to pronounce) when attached to  عَلَيْ ( 'Alaa ) :  عَلَيْ + هُمْ 

Finally :    عَلَيْهِمْ   =  عَلَيْ + هِمْ ( 'Alaihim )

(4)  لِ + هُمْ  ( Li + Hum )

لِ change to  لَ   ->  Becomes =  لَهُمْ

Same reason as above, difficulty to pronounce.

The Basmalah 

Originally (the individual kalimah) =

 بِ  +  اِسْمُ  +  ٱللهُ  +  ٱلرَّحمانُ  +  ٱلرَّحِيمُ

The isms having dhommah at the end.

The word =  اِسْمُ = is an ism nakirah (common) and one of the ism as-sab'ah (7 isms) with hamzah waSol having kasrah.

In writing, this hamzah waSol is shifted before the letter ba', that's why ba' starts with an elongated stroke.

All "dhommahs" become kasrah because of ba' (harfu jarr).

ا بِ سْمِ  ٱللهِ  ٱلرَّحمانِ  ٱلرَّحِيمِ

The phrase =  بِ اِسْمِ  is a mudhaf-mudhaf ilaih

03-Harf  > 3.1-Harfu Jarr >> 

MENU =============================

 INTRO  |  01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB

============= 03 Harf  ======================
3.0- Types of Harf | 3.1-Harfu Jarr | 3.2-Harfu NaSb
3.3-Illah Letters | 3.4-Maa & Laa