I'rob the following sentences :-
(1) كَتَبَ التِّلْمِيذُ الدَّرْسَ فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ "The pupil wrote the lesson at the school" (past tense)
> "The pupil" = The doer (Fa'il) is mentioned.
(2) يَضْرِبُهُ "He beats him"
> "He" = The doer (Fa'il) is not mentioned = i.e hidden pronoun (dhomeer mustatir)
> "him" هُ (dhomeer muttasil) attached with a Fi'il يَضْرِبُ = is "NaSb" in status ( Maf'ulun bihi )
فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَ عَلَامَتُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فَي آخِرِهِ وَ فَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ
يَضْرِبُ
هُ
(He) Beats
Him
Katakerja sekarang dalam keadaan marfu' dan tanda rafa'nya ialah "dhommah" yg zahir di akhirnya dan pelakunya gantinama tersembunyi, padanya harus adanya "dia"
اَلْهَاءُ : ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ
Gantinama bersambung tetap atas sukun pada kedudukan naSb, ia "Maf'ulun bihi"
(3) بَيْتُهُ جَمِيلٌ "His house is beautiful" ( noun sentence ) :
The word before "is" = mubtada' ; The word after "is" = khabar
> "His house" = Mubtada' :
"House of his" => Idhaafah
=> "House" = Mudhaf , "his" = mudhaf ilaih" (mudhaf ilaih is jarr in status)
=> "his" هُ (dhomeer muttasil) attached with an ism بَيْتُ = is "Jarr" in status too.
> "beautiful" = Khabar
(4) نَحْنُ نَسْمَعُ الْمِذْيَاعَ فِي اللَّيْلِ "We listen to the radio at night" (present tense)
(5) الْمَنَازِلُ عَالِيَةٌ "The houses are tall" ( noun sentence )
(6) قَرَأَتْ فَاطِمَةُ الرِّسَالَةَ فِي الْغُرْفَةِ "Fatimah read the letter in the room" ( feminine )
(7) أَكَلْتُ تُفَّاحَةً "I ate an apple"
(8) جَلَسَ عَلَى الكُرْسِيِّ
(9) هَذَا رَجُلٌ كَبِيرٌ "This is a big man" , هَذِهِ مَرْأَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ "This is a big woman"
كَانَ اللّهُ غَفُورًا
غَفُورًا : مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ
اللّهُ غَفُورٌ
غَفُورٌ : خَبَرٌ
بَاضَتِ الدَّجَاجَةُ
بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ
مَجْرُورٌ بِالْبَأْ = ٱسْمِ