Idhafah إِضَافَةٌ
= "_____" of "_______"
eg.
the day of judgement,
the Messenger of Allah
the car of mine ( my car)
the book of the people (the people's book)
the punishment of his (his punishment)
> The word before "of" = Mudhaf مُضَافٌ
> The word after "of" = Mudhaf ilaih مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ
> Mudhaf + Mudhaf ilaih = Idhafah
( An Idhafah consists of two isms )
Multiple Idhafahs
Eg.
"The town's masjid's toilet's door"
We read the fragment in reverse order to see the mudhaf and mudhaf ilaih :-
- the door of the toilet
- the toilet of the masjid
- the masjid of the town
"Door" = "mudhaf"
"Toilet" = "mudhaf ilaih" & also a "mudhaf"
"Masjid" = "mudhaf ilaih" & also a "mudhaf"
"Town" = "mudhaf ilaih"
Recognizing Idhaafah:
1> A "Mudhaf" = cannot have an "AL", or Tanween or Nun at the end.
It can be any of the 3 ism status (Raf', NaSb, Jar).
eg. سَمَـٰوَاتِ (if it is ٱلسَّمَـٰوَاتِ , then it is not a "mudhaf")
eg. كِتَابُ (if it is كِتَابٌ , then it is not "mudhaf")
2> A "Mudhaf ilaih"= must be having "jar" status (ism majroor).
It can have the "AL" in front or a Tanween or Nun at the end.
مَسجِدُ ٱلرَّسُولِ
Why is a mudhaf ilaih majruur ? actually there is a "harf of jar" in between mudhaf and mudhaf ilaih
= مَسجِدٌ لِلرَّسُولِ
3> An ism (Mudhaf) with attached pronoun (as Mudhaf ilaih)
eg. كِتَابُهُ - His book = Book of his
(the attached pronoun = fee mahalli jarrin = is in Jarr status)
eg. مَثَلُهُمْ - Example of them . (مَثَلُ and not مَثَلٌ )
مِيثَاقَكُمْ perjanjian kamu (your covenant)
4> Type : Mudhaf ilaih can be either Ism Ma'rifah or Ism Nakirah.
eg. رَبُّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ The Lord of the Worlds
- ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ is Ism Ma'rifah , رَبُّ becomes Ism Ma'rifah (from رَبٌّ w/tanween).
eg. رَبُّ فَضْلٍ The Lord of Virtue
فَضْلٍ is Ism Nakirah, رَبُّ is still Ism Ma'rifah because of being part of Idhafah. Less specific as the the first example.
5> Special Mudhafs
These are Isms and most of them are NaSb - they formed an idhaafah.
Hence the word that comes after it will be Jarr.
Please memorize these words.
ذُو = having, eg. ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ
سُبْحَانَ = glory, eg. سُبْحَانَ اللهِ
فَوْقَ = above eg. فَوْقَهَا above it (F)
تَحْتَ = under eg. تَحْتَ كِتَابِ under a book
قَبْلَ = before e.g قَبْلَ ٱليَومِ before today
بَعْدَ = after eg. بَعْدَ هَاذَا after this
خَلْفَ = behind eg. خَلْفَ ٱلبَيتِ behind the house
وَرَاءَ = behind
بَينَ = between eg. بَينَهُم between them
غَيرَ = without / Non eg. غَيرَ مُسْلِمٍ non muslim
دُونَ = besides/other than eg. دُونَهَا besides her
لَدُنْ = Especially from eg. لَدُنْكَ especially from you
عِندَ = has, with, nearby: عِندَ ٱلمَسجِدِ near the masjid
مَعَ = with eg. مَعَنَا with us
حَولَ = around/surrounding eg. حَولَ ٱلبَلَدِ around the country
أَيُّ = which eg. أَيُّ وَاحِدِ which one ?
بَعضُ = some of eg. بَعضُ ٱلطُّلاَّبِ some of the students
كُلُّ = all eg. كُلُّ عِبَارَةٍ , كُلُّكُم , فِي كُلِّ فَرَاغٍ
The benefits of memorizing the above :-
-> immediately the word that comes after it will be "majruur" (Jar status)
-> we called it "special mudhafs" because it is not necessarily having the word "OF" in between the mudhaf and mudhaf ilaih.
eg. The book is under تَحْتَ the chair. We do not translate it as "under OF the chair".
Word like بَعضُ will be translated the usual way of
"mudhaf/mudhaf ilaih" eg. = Tonight, "some OF you" will be sleeping outside.
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PRACTISE
eg. رَسُولُ ٱللهِ = Idhafah.
Because the first word is a "mudhaf" as it does not have "al" and it is "light".
The second word is a "mudhaf ilaih" as it is having Jar status (ism majroor)
eg. سُبْحَانَ ٱللهِ = Idhafah.
eg. أَستَغفِرُ اللهَ
this is not an Idhafah!! (because the second word is NOT ism majroor - not Jar status).
eg. ٱلحَمدُ ِللهِ
this is not an Idhafah!! (because the first word contains an "al" )
eg. رَبِّ ٱلعَالَمينَ
= this is an idhaafah
ٱلعَالَمِينَ = NaSb or Jar ? = in this context, it is Jar since it is a mudhaf ilaih.
eg. رَبِّهِم Their Master = Master of theirs (Idhaafah)
> Mudhaf and Mudhaf Ilaih must be next to each other
( must not have any ism or fi'il between them )
More Examples:
أَدَوَاتُ التِّلْمِيذِ (the Pupil's stationaries)
عَلَامَةُ الفِعْلِ
حَرْفُ العِلَّةِ
ٱسمُ نَبَاتٍ
تَاءِ التَّأْنِيثِ
أَقْسَامُ الفِعْلِ
فِعْلِ الأَمْرِ
حَرْفُ جَرٍّ
عِنْدِٱلَّلهِ
بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
"Ibnun" is mufrad. "Baneena" is jamak muzakkar salim.
As a Mudhaf, the nun is taken away, becomes "Banee".
Israeela = is not having kasrah for mudhaf ilaih.
It is of ismullazii laa yansorif = Fatha for Jarr.
01-Ism > 1.3-Fragments > 1.3(1) Idhafah >>
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