Examples Raf' NaSb Jarr

Practise Raf' NaSb Jarr

The word = "Teacher"  مُدَرِّسٌ

Try to fill in the blanks below for the word "Teacher" :

singular    مُفْرَدٌ    |       pair    مُثَنَّى   |   plural   جَمْعٌ    

رَفْعٌ  :              مُدَرِّسٌ   |                      |                     

 نَصْبٌ :                              |                        |                              

  جَرٌّ  :                                |                       |                     

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Practise: Try yourself for the feminine version of the word "Teacher".

singular    مُفْرَدٌ   |        pair    مُثَنَّى   |   plural   جَمْعٌ    

رَفْعٌ  :            مُدَرِّسَةٌ     |                       |                     

 نَصْبٌ :                              |                        |                               

  جَرٌّ  :                                |                       |                      

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Example in a sentence

( Take note which ism having which status )
     قَرَأَ مُحَمَّدٌ آلقُرْأَنَ فِي الْمَسجِدِ مَعَ الْأُسْتَاذِ صَبَاحًا

 Muhammad reads the Qur'an in the mosque with the Ustaz in the morning.

قَرَأَ  = read (is a verb)

Questions: 

1.   مَنْ قَرَأَ  ؟  = مُحَمَّدٌ  (who read ?)  ; Muhammadun is  مَرْفُوْعٌ  , i.e doer of the verb  (Faíl)

2.  مَا قَرَأَ  ؟ = آلقُرْأَنَ  (what did he read ?)  Al Qurána is مَنْصُوْبٌ , i.e details of the verb  (Maf'oolun bihi)

3.  أَيْنَ قَرَأَ ؟ = فِي الْمَسجِدِ   (where did he read ?)   Al-Masjidi is مَجْرُوْرٌ because of the word "fii" (harfu jarrin)

4.  مَعَ مَنْ قَرَأَ ؟ = مَعَ الْأُسْتَاذِ  (with whom did he read ?)  Al-ustaazi  is مَجْرُوْرٌ (i.e mudhafun ilaih is majrur) because of the word "مَعَ" (special mudhaf)

5.  مَتَى قَرَأَ ؟ = صَبَاحًا  (when did he read ?)  Sobaahan is مَنْصُوْبٌ i.e  zarf of the verb.

In English, the "doer" will always be at the beginning of the sentence, but in Arabic, the "doer" can be other than at the beginning.

Whoever gets the "Raf'" رفع  status will be the "doer" of the verb ( فَاعِلٌ ).

Whoever gets the "NaSb" نصب   status will be the "details" of the verb (  مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ ) .

Different positions of "Doer" and "Receiver of an action" in a sentence

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The Format:

             The Teachers             The Student                Status

رَفْعٌ          اَلطَّالِبُ       مُدَرِّسُونَ      

 نَصْبٌ         اَلطَّالِبَ       مُدَرِّسِينَ       

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(1) "The teachers helped the student"

    ٱلمُدَرِّسُونَ سَاعَدُواْ اَلطَّالِبَ

"Doer" (subject) at the beginning: The Teachers    ٱلمُدَرِّسُونَ

"Details" (object) at the end: The Student اَلطَّالِبَ

- Jumlah ismiyyah (plural verb for plural noun)

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(2) "The teachers helped the student"

    سَاعَدَ ٱلمُدَرِّسُونَ اَلطَّالِبَ

"Doer" (subject) in the middle: The Teachers    ٱلمُدَرِّسُونَ

"Details" (object) at the end: The Student   اَلطَّالِبَ

- Jumlah fi'liyyah (singular verb even though doer is plural noun)

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(3) "The student helped the teachers"

        سَاعَدَ ٱلمُدَرِّسِينَ اَلطَّالِبُ

"Doer" (subject) at the end : The Student  اَلطَّالِبُ

"Details" (object) in the middle : The Teachers  ٱلمُدَرِّسِينَ

- Jumlah fi'liyyah (singular verb even though doer is plural noun)

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(4) "The student helped the teachers" 

    اَلطَّالِبُ سَاعَدَ ٱلمُدَرِّسِينَ

"Doer" (subject) in the beginning : The Student   اَلطَّالِبُ

"Details" (object) at the end: The Teachers  ٱلمُدَرِّسِينَ

- Jumlah ismiyyah (singular verb for singular noun)

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The above examples clearly showed that the "Doer" and the "Details" can be anywhere in the sentence.

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State the Properties of the Ism in these sentences

"A Muslim travelled"

=>  مُســلِمٌ    (Doer/Rafa' - Singular - Masculine)

(    مُذَكَّر       مُفْرَد    رفع  )

-----------

"I met a Muslim"  

=>  مُسْــلِمًا    (Details/NaSb - Singular - Masculine)

(  مُذَكَّر   مُفْرَد   نصب     )

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"A Muslim's religion is Islam"

=> (religion of a Muslim) 

 (After Of/Jarr - Singular - Masculine)    مُســلِمٍ 

( مُذَكَّر   مُفْرَد  جر )

-----------                                                                       

"Two Muslims travelled" 

=>  مُذَكَّر    مُثَنَّى   رفع )       مُســلِمَانِ)

-----------                                          

"Muslims went to Haj"  

=> مُذَكَّر   جَمَع   رفع)     مُســلِمُونَ)

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"The attacker killed many Muslims" 

=>مُذَكَّر  جَمَع   نصب)     مُســلِمِينَ )

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"Muslims' countries are not affected" 

=> (countries of Muslims)  مُســلِمِينَ   

   (مُذَكَّر   جَمَع   جر)

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"Two female Muslims went to the market"

=>   مُســلِمَتَانِ

(مُؤَنّث   مُثنى   رفع)

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"That man scolded those Muslim women"

=> مُســلِمَاتٍ

(مُؤَنّث   جمع   نصب)

The word "Peace" as Raf , NaSb or Jarr :

1.  ( Raf' = mubtada') Peace is the hope of the world.
اَلسَّلاَمُ أَمَلُ الْعَالَمِ   

2. ( NaSb = after harfu naSbin) Indeed, Peace is the hope of the world.
إِنَّ السَّلاَمَ أَمَلُ الْعَالَمِ

3.  (Jarr = after harfu jarrin) The world looks forward to peace.
   يَتَطَلَّعُ الْعَالَمُ إِلىَ السَّلاَمِ

Later on you will learn that "Pronouns" too have Raf', NaSb and Jar status, but they do not depend on the "ending sound" or the "ending combination" mentioned above.

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The importance of the Ism status

If you read the ayah below wrongly, then the wrong meaning will surface.

eg. It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allâh.
     إِنَّمَا يَخۡشَى ٱللهَ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِ ٱلۡعُلَمَـٰٓؤُاْ 

ٱلۡعُلَمَـٰٓؤُاْ  = those who have knowledge - having the Raf' status.

 ٱللهَ  = having the NaSb status 

(If  you say it as Allahu w/Raf' status, then it is a grave mistake.)

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I'ROB

eg. The teacher taught the student (Jumla Fi'liyyah: Taught "by" the teacher, the student)

عَلّمَ اَلمُدَرِّسُ الطَّالِبَ

عَلّمَ = Past tense Verb

  اَلمُدَرِّسُ = فَاعِلٌ مَرفُوعٌ  وَ عَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِي أَخِرِهِ

 Doer marfu' (status) and the sign of rafa' is dhommah physically at the end

 الطَّالِبَ  = مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ  وَ عَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فِي أَخِرِهِ

Details manSub (status) and the sign of naSb is fathah physically at the end . 

The presence of an 'Amil

 'Aamil عَامِل = is the cause of the changes taking place.

Eg. The word in bold purple is an 'Amil : 

E.G 1 :   إِنَّ السَّلاَمَ

This is ISM = السَّلاَمَ = It is manSub because of the presence of  harfu naSbin =  إِنَّ  .

E.G 2:   لَنْ يُنْزِلَ

This is Fi'il Mudhori' =  يُنْزِلَ  (with a fathah at the end)   

 It is manSub because of the presence of  harfu naSbin =  لَنْ 

 إِلىَ The Ism is majrur (with kasrah) because of the presence of Harfu Jarrin   إِلىَ السَّلاَمِ   

     لَمْ The Fiil is majzum (with sukun) because of the presence of Harfu Jarrin            لَمْ يَدْخُلْ    

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