Some terminologies that you will find in your learning journey :-
(1) اِسْم مَقْصُور
- ends with "alif lazimah" ( اَلِف ﻻَﺯِﻣَﻪ ) and before it is "fathah".
Sometimes the alif is written as the shape of the letter "ya" (with no dots).
اَلْفَتَى , اَلْعَصَا , اَلْهُدَى , هُدًى
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(2) اِسْم مَنْقُوص
( مَنْقُوص = imperfect )
(A) Ends with "ya lazimah" ( يَأ ﻻَﺯِﻣَﻪ ) and before it is "kasrah".
eg. مُنَادِى , الْمَاضِى , الْقَاضِى , اَلدَّاعِى , الْهَادِى
If before "ya" is not a kasrah, then it is not an ism ManquS.
(B) Rafa' status: Ism ends with a dhommah, but it is not with Ism Manqus:
1- with "AL" at the front: the default dhommah (rafa' status) is replaced with sukun :
الْمَاضِىُ becomes = الْمَاضِى
2- without the "AL" : the default dhommatain is replaced by removing the Ya (مَحْذُوف)
and adding kasratain to the last letter, eg:
مَاضِىٌ becomes = مَاضٍ
NOTE: Ya is removed because of "heavy" in recitation لِثِّقَالِ (lith-thiqal), so it is "lightened".
(C) Majrur status: Ism ends with a Kasrah, but it is not with Ism Manqus (Same reason as above لِثِّقَالِ ):
eg. الْمُنَادِىِ becomes الْمُنَادِى
eg. مُنَادِىٍ becomes مُنَادٍ
(D) Mansub status: Ism ends with a Fatha. Ism Manqus will also ends with a Fathah:
The Fathah is retained since it is not "heavy" to recite:
eg. الْمُنَادِى (rafa') becomes الْمُنَادِىَ (majrur)
eg. مُنَادٍ (rafa') when you retain the original "Ya", becomes مُنَادِيًا
(E) No dots under "ya" other than the mansub status with fathatain ( مُنَادِيًا ) .
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(3) اِسْم مَمْدُود
- ends with "hamzah" and before it is "alif ziadah"
اِبْتِدَاءٌ , سَمَاءٌ , (desert) صَحْرَاءٌ
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(4) اِسْم لَا يَنْصَرِف
Isms that :
(1) cannot have tanween at the end, and
(2) cannot have kasrah for Jarr status. The Jarr status will have a "fathah" instead. Refer here for "light" isms.
(4.1) Isms with ta' ta'nith at the end ( Names of man and woman).
Names = عَائِشَةُ , فَاطِمَةُ , مُعَاوِيَةُ , طَلْحَةُ
Certain names of women without ta' ta'nith but of real woman.
Names = مَرْيَمُ , زَيْنَبُ
(4.2) Isms of Non Arab names in the Qur'an.
Names = يُونُسُ , إِبرَاهِيمُ , مِنْ فِرْعَونَ
(4.3) Isms that is similar to the format of اَفْعَلُ (similar to a wazan of Fi'il )
Names = أَحْمَدُ , أَحْمَرُ
Sifat = أَكْبَرُ (Larger)
(4.4) Names that end with alif and nun ان
عُثْمَانُ ، عَدْنَانُ ، عِمْرَانُ
Sifat = سَكْرَانُ (drunk) , جَوْعَانُ (starving)
(4.5) Isms that end with alif and hamzah اء
Sifat = بَيضَآءُ (feminine white)
صَفْرآءُ (feminine yellow) .. refer to colours.
(4.6) Isms that have been changed into the format of فُعَلُ
Names = عُمَرُ ، زُفَرُ ، زُحَلُ
Originally = عَامِرٌ ، زَافِرٌ ، زَاحِلٌ
(4.7) Names of Places
جُوجَاكَرْتَ (Jogjakarta)
(4.8) Isms that is similar to this format = مَفَاعِلُ
مَسَاجِدُ
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(5) اِسْمُ الْإِسْتِفْهَامِ (Isim Istifham)
مَنْ مَا مَتَى أَيْنَ كَمْ كَيفَ أَيُّ أَيَّانَ أَنَّ كَمْ لِمَاذَا
مَنْ = who, for asking on a person
مَا = what, for asking about a non-living thing.
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(6) Ism MauSul اِسْم مَوْصُول (kata penyambung)
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|"Those who" | "The two who" | "The one who" |
masculine = ٱلَّذِى ٱللَّذَانِ ٱلَّذِينَ
feminine = ٱلَّتِى ٱللَّتَانِ ٱلَّاتِي
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Note = muthanna 2 lams because they are mu'rab.
Immediately after "ism mauSul" (above), will be a Fi'il (Verb)
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(7) Ism Zarfun اِسْمُ ظَرْفٍ
إِذَا , إِذْ
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(8) اِسْم إِشَارَة
ذَالِكَ - isim 'isyarah lil-ba'eed
ذَا - that , لِكَ - is far
مفرد | مثنى | جمع
These These two This
masculine = هَذَا هَذَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ
feminine = هَذِهِ هَتَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ
مفرد | مثنى | جمع
Those Those two That
masculine = ذَالِكَ ذَانِكَ أُلَئِكَ
feminine = تِلْكَ تَانِكَ أُلَئِكَ
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(9) اِسْم نَكِرَة
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(10) اِسْم مَعرِفَة
Isim Ma'rifah - with "alif-lam ta'rif" اَلْ
7 types. Refer to types of ism
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(11) Ism with no tanween غَيرُ مُنَوِّنْ
eg: إِذْ , حَيْثُ , (ketika) لَمَّا
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(12) Ism Mabni ٱسْم مَبْنِى
Pronouns ضمير is mabni, will not change its spelling no matter what status "fee mahalli" raf'. , nasb or jarr.
jarr مِنْكَ , jarr رَبُّكَ , nasb ضَرَبَكَ
أَنْتَ مُدَرِّسٌ
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(13) Ism Mu'rab ٱسْم مُعْرَب
Changes with the status.
زَيْدٌ طَالِبٌ
nasb ضَرَبَ زَيْدًا
jarr كِتَابُ زَيْدٍ
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(14) Ism in Fi'lul Ta'ajjub فِعْلُ التَّعَجُّبِ
كَيْفَ , ما
eg. مَا أَطْوَلَ الرَّجُلَ note: أَطْوَلَ is Fi'lul Ta'ajjub starts with hamzah
(15) Ism Tafdheel اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيلُ
(No Tanween) Follows the pattern of أَفْعَلُ
It is associated with Ism Sifah
Ism Tafdheel Ism Sifah
كَبِيرٌ أَكْبَرُ
حَسَنٌ أَحْسَنُ
مَاهِرٌ أَمْهَرُ
جَمِيلٌ أَجْمَلُ
مَشْهُورٌ أَشْهَرُ
(16) Ism MaSdar اسمُ اْلمَصْدرِ
Eg:
اِسْتِغْفَارٌ اِخْتِلَافٌ
MENU =============================
INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
======= 01 ISM ============================
1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence