Some terminologies that you will find in your learning journey :-
(1) اِسْم مَقْصُور
- ends with "alif lazimah" ( اَلِف ﻻَﺯِﻣَﻪ ) and before it is "fathah".
Sometimes the alif is written as the shape of the letter "ya" (with no dots).
اَلْفَتَى , اَلْعَصَا , اَلْهُدَى , هُدًى
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(2) اِسْم مَنْقُوص
( مَنْقُوص = imperfect )
(A) Ends with "ya lazimah" ( يَأ ﻻَﺯِﻣَﻪ ) and before it is "kasrah".
eg. مُنَادِى , الْمَاضِى , الْقَاضِى , اَلدَّاعِى , الْهَادِى
If before "ya" is not a kasrah, then it is not an ism ManquS.
(B) Rafa' status: Ism ends with a dhommah, but it is not with Ism Manqus:
1- with "AL" at the front: the default dhommah (rafa' status) is replaced with sukun :
الْمَاضِىُ becomes = الْمَاضِى
2- without the "AL" : the default dhommatain is replaced by removing the Ya (مَحْذُوف)
and adding kasratain to the last letter, eg:
مَاضِىٌ becomes = مَاضٍ
NOTE: Ya is removed because of "heavy" in recitation لِثِّقَالِ (lith-thiqal), so it is "lightened".
(C) Majrur status: Ism ends with a Kasrah, but it is not with Ism Manqus (Same reason as above لِثِّقَالِ ):
eg. الْمُنَادِىِ becomes الْمُنَادِى
eg. مُنَادِىٍ becomes مُنَادٍ
(D) Mansub status: Ism ends with a Fatha. Ism Manqus will also ends with a Fathah:
The Fathah is retained since it is not "heavy" to recite:
eg. الْمُنَادِى (rafa') becomes الْمُنَادِىَ (majrur)
eg. مُنَادٍ (rafa') when you retain the original "Ya", becomes مُنَادِيًا
(E) No dots under "ya" other than the mansub status with fathatain ( مُنَادِيًا ) .
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(3) اِسْم مَمْدُود
- ends with "hamzah" and before it is "alif ziadah"
اِبْتِدَاءٌ , سَمَاءٌ , (desert) صَحْرَاءٌ
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(4) اِسْم لَا يَنْصَرِف
Isms that :
(1) cannot have tanween at the end, and
(2) cannot have kasrah for Jarr status. The Jarr status will have a "fathah" instead. Refer here for "light" isms.
(4.1) Isms with ta' ta'nith at the end ( Names of man and woman).
Names = عَائِشَةُ , فَاطِمَةُ , مُعَاوِيَةُ , طَلْحَةُ
Certain names of women without ta' ta'nith but of real woman.
Names = مَرْيَمُ , زَيْنَبُ
(4.2) Isms of Non Arab names in the Qur'an.
Names = يُونُسُ , إِبرَاهِيمُ , مِنْ فِرْعَونَ
(4.3) Isms that is similar to the format of اَفْعَلُ (similar to a wazan of Fi'il )
Names = أَحْمَدُ , أَحْمَرُ
Sifat = أَكْبَرُ (Larger)
(4.4) Names that end with alif and nun ان
عُثْمَانُ ، عَدْنَانُ ، عِمْرَانُ
Sifat = سَكْرَانُ (drunk) , جَوْعَانُ (starving)
(4.5) Isms that end with alif and hamzah اء
Sifat = بَيضَآءُ (feminine white)
صَفْرآءُ (feminine yellow) .. refer to colours.
(4.6) Isms that have been changed into the format of فُعَلُ
Names = عُمَرُ ، زُفَرُ ، زُحَلُ
Originally = عَامِرٌ ، زَافِرٌ ، زَاحِلٌ
(4.7) Names of Places
جُوجَاكَرْتَ (Jogjakarta)
(4.8) Isms that is similar to this format = مَفَاعِلُ
مَسَاجِدُ
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(5) اِسْمُ الْإِسْتِفْهَامِ (Isim Istifham)
مَنْ مَا مَتَى أَيْنَ كَمْ كَيفَ أَيُّ أَيَّانَ أَنَّ كَمْ لِمَاذَا
مَنْ = who, for asking on a person
مَا = what, for asking about a non-living thing.
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(6) Ism MauSul اِسْم مَوْصُول (kata penyambung)
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|"Those who" | "The two who" | "The one who" |
masculine = ٱلَّذِى ٱللَّذَانِ ٱلَّذِينَ
feminine = ٱلَّتِى ٱللَّتَانِ ٱلَّاتِي
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Note = muthanna 2 lams because they are mu'rab.
Immediately after "ism mauSul" (above), will be a Fi'il (Verb)
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(7) Ism Zarfun اِسْمُ ظَرْفٍ
إِذَا , إِذْ
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(8) اِسْم إِشَارَة
ذَالِكَ - isim 'isyarah lil-ba'eed
ذَا - that , لِكَ - is far
مفرد | مثنى | جمع
These These two This
masculine = هَذَا هَذَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ
feminine = هَذِهِ هَتَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ
مفرد | مثنى | جمع
Those Those two That
masculine = ذَالِكَ ذَانِكَ أُلَئِكَ
feminine = تِلْكَ تَانِكَ أُلَئِكَ
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(9) اِسْم نَكِرَة
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(10) اِسْم مَعرِفَة
Isim Ma'rifah - with "alif-lam ta'rif" اَلْ
7 types. Refer to types of ism
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(11) Ism with no tanween غَيرُ مُنَوِّنْ
eg: إِذْ , حَيْثُ , (ketika) لَمَّا
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(12) Ism Mabni ٱسْم مَبْنِى
Pronouns ضمير is mabni, will not change its spelling no matter what status "fee mahalli" raf'. , nasb or jarr.
jarr مِنْكَ , jarr رَبُّكَ , nasb ضَرَبَكَ
أَنْتَ مُدَرِّسٌ
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(13) Ism Mu'rab ٱسْم مُعْرَب
Changes with the status.
زَيْدٌ طَالِبٌ
nasb ضَرَبَ زَيْدًا
jarr كِتَابُ زَيْدٍ
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(14) Ism in Fi'lul Ta'ajjub فِعْلُ التَّعَجُّبِ
كَيْفَ , ما
eg. مَا أَطْوَلَ الرَّجُلَ note: أَطْوَلَ is Fi'lul Ta'ajjub starts with hamzah
MENU =============================
INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
======= 01 ISM ============================
1.1-Properties | 1.2-Pronouns | 1.3-Fragments | 1.4-Sentence