Makes Fi'il Mudori' that comes after it becomes sukun :-
لَمْ (1) = did not (in the past) - harfu nafyin wa jazmin wa qalbin
(qalbin = the fiil that comes after "Lam" is a fiil mudharik but the meaning is in the past)
eg. يَقُولُ becomes لَمْ يَقُلْ "He did not say" (explaining qalbin: "say" is present tense but the meaning is in the past)
> يَقُولُونَ becomes لَمْ يَقُولُواْ "They did not say"
- Remove the nun at the end.
In Surah Al-Ikhlas : The word يَلِدُ becomes sukun يَلِدْ when comes after لَمْ
-> لَمْ يَلِدْ ( وَلَدَ , يَلِدُ )
He did not has a son in the past. (not talking about the future).
In Surah Al-Ikhlas : The word يَكُونُ becomes sukun يَكُنْ when comes after لَمْ
-> لَمْ يَكُنْ ( كَانَ ، يَكُونُ )
In Surah Al-Ikhlas : The word يُولَدُ (fiil mudhori' majhool) becomes sukun يُولَدْ when comes after لَمْ
-> لَمْ يُولَدْ
> يَكُونُ becomes لَمْ يَكُنْ "Did not be"
- give sukun for the last letter. However when two sukuns meet (wau sukun and nun sukun), the "sick" letter wau is removed.
لَمَّا (2) = Not yet = Did not in the past AND may do in the future - harfu nafyin wa jazmin wa qalbin
Difference with لَمْ = "Did not" in past only (nothing to do with the future).
لاَ (3) = don't (laa nahi will jazm fiil mudhori') eg. لاَ تُقَاتِلُواْ Don't fight! (nun is discarded)
لِ (4) = should (lam amr)
وَلْ فَلْ (5) = should
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إِنْ = If .. ( harfu jazmin wa shartin) حُرُوفُ الشَّرْط and the fiil after it, and جَوَابُ الشَّرْط
. If befalls you good , it distresses them إِن تَمۡسَسۡكُمۡ حَسَنَةٌ۬ تَسُؤۡهُمۡ
مَنْ = whoever, eg. مَنْ يُفْرِطْ فِي الأكْلِ يَتْخَمْ Whoever eats too much in food will become full.
مَا = whatever, eg. مَا تُتْلِفْ تَغْرَمْ ثَمَنَهُ What you destroy, you pay its price.
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When it is preceded with harfu jazm, the illah letter is removed.
The word = يَخْشَى becomes = مَنْ يَخْشَ
03-Harf > 3.3- Harfu Jazm >>
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INTRO | 01-Ism | 02-Fi'il | 03-Harf | 04-Sarf | 05-IROB
============= 03 Harf ======================
3.0- Types of Harf | 3.1-Harfu Jarr | 3.2-Harfu NaSb
3.3- Harfu Jazm | 3.4-Illah Letters | 3.5-Maa & Laa