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-Taxonomy
Kingdom- Animalia; Linnaeus, 1758
Phylum-Chordate
Class-Mammal
Family-Old world monkeys
Order-Primates
Genus-Nasalis
Species-N. Larvatus
-Evolution
- Subspecies- n. l. larvatus and n. l. orientalis
-They have been around since 1787
-Simakobu is the closest relative to Probiscus monkey
--Differences between male and female
-Body size of the males are distinctively larger than the females. Adult males have a large and long nose, hanging through the mouth, while adult females have a pointed nose.
--Characteristics
-They have long nose
-They are good at swimming
-They live in jungles of Borneo
--Size
-Male- 22-28 inc. 44 pounds
- Female-21-24 inc. 15-26 pounds
--Life span
-They live about 15-20 years
--Description of the habitat
Rainfall can exceed 4,000mm per year in pockets of Borneo, although in most destinations an average of 220mm per month is the norm.
Plants that can be found in Borneo are rafflesia keithii, Nepenthes rajah, rhododendron lowii, rotschild orchid, and begonia kinabaluensis
Orangutans,Sun bears,Malayan civet,Borneo elephant and more animals live in Borneo
Average temperature in Borneo is between 86°F and 95°F during the day and 79°F to 84°F at night.
Borneo is largely mountainous although there are extensive lowlands, especially in Central Kalimantan and Sarawak, that are often swampy along the coasts
--Distribution
The Proboscis Monkey live in Asia
They are not invasive
--Diet
Proboscis monkeys survive mainly on a diet of leaves, seeds, and unripe fruits but will occasionally consume insects as well.
They get their food from trees
They don't have any specific food that they eat or like more than other food.
Fun fact:Proboscis monkeys have 9 stomachs.
--Social Structure
Proboscis monkey live in groups consisting of a dominant male and two to seven females and their offspring.
Males led the groups
Group is consisted of 1 male and several females up to 10
Proboscis monkeys use several forms of vocal communication: honk, alarm call, threat call, infant call, and female call.
--Reproduction
They mate between February and November
Male Proboscis monkey have about 2-4 mates.
They produce 1 in offspring
Male proboscis monkeys use their fleshy, pendulous noses to attract mates
--Development
Baby Proboscis monkey has dark coloured fur and a blue face and will not develop its adult colouration until it is 3 or 4 months old.
They stay with their mother until 1 year old
They cant reproduce before 4 years.
Sexual maturity age is 4-5
They dont get cared by only their mothers,they also get cared by other females in group.
Difference of development between male and female proboscis monkey is body size.Males have larger body size than females.
--Causes of death
Their land predators include jaguars and some native peoples who consider proboscis monkey a delicacy. Over the last 40 years, proboscis monkey populations have plummeted. They are currently protected from hunting or capture in Borneo.
Sexual competition don't cause death in Proboscis monkeys
Proboscis monkey don't get any diseases so diseases are not cause of death
Habitat loss is the main reason of death for Proboscis monkey.Their population is declining as Riparian forest are continually destroyed to plant oil palm and mangrove areas reclaimed for developme
--Competition
Long tailed macaques and orangutans are in competition with Proboscis monkey
Jaguars are considered as the animal that compete with Proboscis monkey
They compete over land and food
It affects to the population of Proboscis monkey
IUCN rating
They are classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population numbers are thought to have dropped by up to 80% over the past 30 years with numbers continuing to decrease. There are thought to be around 7,000 Proboscis Monkeys left in the wild today and very few are found in captivity as they simply do not respond well to the artificial conditions
--Impact of humans
However, people have had a far bigger impact on the Proboscis Monkey through the deforestation of its natural habitat mainly for logging, growing Human settlements and to clear land for palm oil plantations, which has led to drastic population declines in the species over the past couple of decades particularly.
They might be extinct because there is only few Proboscis monkey alive
It is been couple of decades humans have been interacted with Proboscis monkey
The conservation strategies evaluated in the study were: (1) eliminating hunting; (2) eliminating fires; (3) eliminating deforestation; (4) reducing deforestation; (5) implementing reforestation programs and (6) reconnecting sub-populations.
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