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Taxonomy
Kingdom - Belongs to animal kingdom
Phylum - Chordate
Class - Mammal
Family - Bears
Order - Carnivora
Genus - Ursidae
Species - Ursus arctos
Evolution
All Subspecies - U. a. californicus, U. a. Dalli, U. a. gyas, U. a. ungavaesist, U. a. middendorffi, U. a. nelsoni, U. a. sitkensis, U. a. stikeenensis.
How long has this species been in existence - 1.3 million years ago
Closing living relative to this species - Black bears, polar bear
3 ancestors of this species - Etruscan Bears,
Description
Physical description of the animal (with at least 3 pictures) - dished face (face somewhat concave), rounded ears, large shoulder hump
Point key characteristics of species - Large shoulder hump
Size - 3.3 ft at shoulder, 8 feet standing on two legs
Weight - females can weigh up to 700 pounds, and males can weigh up too 1,700
Life Span 20-25 years
Differences between Males and Females - males are usually wider with rounded head, and ears appear smaller in proportion to its head.
Description of the Habitat
How much rainfall - depends on the area, for example alaska rains a lot. Found in woodland, forests, alpine meadows, and prairies.
Plants - Fruits, berries, grasses, forbs, trees, streams.
Animals - rabbits, foxes, racoons, squirrels, chipmunks, badgers, deer, other bears, bobcats, moose.
Temperature - The only time they aren't active is winter because they go hibernate.
Terrain - They don't prefer a specific terrain, but they can live in the mountains, forests, and grassy areas.
Distribution
Continents found - Asia, Europe, North America
Invasive at all - They are not
Diet
What exactly does it eat - they are adaptable and can eat insects, plants, berries, small rodents, fish, carrion, roadkill, weakened animals, and human garbage.
How often does it eat - It can eat 90 lbs of food each day.
How does it get it’s food - It either hunts, or scavenges for food.
Any special foods - No.
Social Structure
Live in packs or solo - Bears are solitary by nature
Roles within community - help maintain population of deer, and other species.
Male or Female led groups
Individuals that make up the group - they live alone.
How do they interact with each other - Mark , trees with their scents, and they can also fight.
Reproduction
How often do they mate - every 2-4 years
How many mates do they have - up too 20 partners.
Time of year for mating - Summer.
Mating rituals - they spend days courting each other before mating
Number of offspring produces at a time - 1-4 cubs
Any unique characteristics of their mating - no
Development
Stages of development - They grow up normal, there size increases everyday.
How old before sexual maturity 8-10 years
Activities and environment of stages - Nothing.
Difference between males and females - Females ears are further apart then the males, but when they are born they are similar in size.
The following must be included in the slides. All slides must have pictures.
Causes of death
Predation - human and cougars
Sexual Competition - Males challenge one another for dominance.
Disease - canine distemper virus, clinical diseases are rare, trichinellosis.
Other causes - starvation, spring avalanches, illness, injury.
Competition
Inter-species – within the species - Kodiak bear.
Intra-species – with other species - other bears like black bear, and big cats, coyotes, wolves
What do they compete over - food
Affect of invasive species - dandelions are good for the bears.
IUCN Rating
What is the rating? - least concern
Population - 55,000 wild grizzly bears located throughout north america
Population Trend - substantial increase in mortality followed after loss of whitebark pine in the ecosystem
Impact of Humans
What impacts have occurred - hunting, and deforestation which makes them lose habitat
Potential Future impacts - the more forest we take down, the more bears get affected.
How long have humans been interacting with species - 200,000 to 75,000 years ago
Efforts being made to minimize impacts - less deforestation, and planting trees, reduce persecution of bears
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