Dr George Shearer
in China
Dr George Campbell Shearer. MD.
born 27 April 1836 the 3rd son of William Shearer and Barbara Campbell in Thurso. Caithness , Scotland. His father was a shoemaker in Thurso and later a leather merchant. They lived in Janet Street Thurso.
In 1868 George and his new wife went to China as missionaries of the London Missionary Society in the hospital founded by Griffith John, one of the first Western Medical missionaries so to do.
The family were in Thurso in Caithness on the north coast of Scotland , the northern most town of Great Britain.
RECORDS 1841 Census Thurso Piece: SCT1841/41 Thurso-Caithness Enumeration District: 4 Civil Parish: Thurso Address: Cowgate Thurso.
SHEARER William head 30 Shoemaker born Caithness
SHEARER Barbara wife 30 Halkirk Caithness dau of Donald & Margaret Campbell
SHEARER William son 8 Caithness (William Alexander born 1832 )
SHEARER Donald son 7 Caithness (Donald Francis Campbell born 1834)
SHEARER George son 5 Caithness (George Campbell born 1836)
SHEARER Francis C. son 3 Caithness (Born 1838 )
SHEARER Catherine dau 1 Caithness 1839 (Catherine Campbell )
SHEARER Margaret 60 Aunt - unmarried sister of Will'm born 1 Nov 1814
CENSUS 1851 16, Durness Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland married Oct 1831
William Shearer Head 43 1808 Shoemaker & leather merchant employing 10 men born Thurso, Caithness,
Children all born in Caithness
William Alexander Campbell SHEARER Bb 8 Aug 1832
Donald Francis Campbell SHEARER Bb 27 April 1834
George Campbell SHEARER B 2nd May 1836 Bp 22 May 1836
Francis Campbell S B 18 Feb 1838 Bp 18 March 1838
Catherine Campbell S B 1839 bap 17 Jan 1840
Janet Campbell S B1841Bap 1842
Margaret Rose C B 1843
James SHEARER Bap 22 Jan 1844
Barbara SHEARER B 1849
He attended Edinburgh University Medical Faculty where in 1859 he graduated MD . He was gold medalist in anatomy, chemistry, surgery, and materia medica and silver medalist in midwifery & was 1st in the Surgery Class.
After graduating he was a resident physician at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary before moving to Liverpool.
in 1861 age 24 Dr George worked as a Medical Officer in a Liverpool workhouse at the Mount Pleasant Brownlow Hill . see right
Like many families there are FAMILY LEGEND s. One being that the family knew Robert Dick, the son of the Thurso Baker , who became a famous Victorian amateur Geologist & Botanist.
Robert Dick, became the famous amateur geologist and botanist.
THIS legend is true & both Dr George & his brother Professor William Shearer are mentioned in & contributed to a biography on Robert Dick.
The other family legend is that he helped cure Thomas De Quincy of his opium addiction.
This may be true however although a Dr is mentioned he is not named by de Quincy's in his biography Confessions of an English Opium Eater.
How Dr George met Georgiana Pomeroy the music teacher who lived in Liverpool is unknown but possibly doing charitable work but they were married in West Derby near Liverpool in 1868 -
Georgiana Augusta Pomeroy was living with her family at Albert Dock House Liverpool & occupying her time as a music teacher.
Georgiana was born Georgiana Augusta Pomeroy in Stepney on 8 Sept 1839 to Augustus Stephen Jeffery Pomeroy and his wife Sarah Georgiana Moore.
The were married in the late spring of 1868 in West Derby and sailed on the SS Nestor in the autumn of that year
with four other Wesleyan missionaries , to China a journey of around 100 days.
Subsequently my grandfather James and three of his siblings were born in Kiukiang in the British Concession Lower Yangtze Ports in CHINA.
Whilst there Dr George observed the Chinese opium consumption & also studied Leprosy & the mental health of the poor Chinese.
The children of Dr Georges& his wife Georgiana - 4 born in China 2 in Liverpool
Annie Barbara Shearer, was born 1869 in China, married Robert Wylie & in Birkenhead in 1900 had a son Norman Shearer Wylie
James Augustus Shearer, my grandfather 2nd child of was born 10 Oct 1870 Kiukiang in the British Concession Lower Yangtze Ports CHINA. Married Lily Daisy Machin 1907 they had 4 children. He died Christmas 1950 at St Albans Hertfordshire.
Katherine Pomeroy Shearer born 1872 China - working Birkenhead District Hospital a nurse in 1891 & in 1911; age 40 she was living as housekeeper to her brother Walter in Oswestry where she died in 1921, after her long hair caught fire.
George Herbert Shearer born 1873 China - in 1911 he was Book keeper sugar refiners living in a Birkenhead boarding house where in 1912 he married Alice Maddock the sister of the woman who ran it . They had least one child.
Walter Campbell Shearer born 1875 in Liverpool married Frances Moxon. & lived at 41 Church Street Oswestry where he became a dental surgeon - He was a Lieutenant in Kings Shropshire Light Infantry in 1908 & after the war a Territorial Army Captain (commanding) His mother came to live about 15 miles away He died in Southsea Hampshire in 1965
Dr George & his wife Georgiana had 2 children born in Liverpool, Ernest & Mabel, both died in infancy.
2024 & I exchanged a series of very interesting emails about Dr George and his time in China
杨成林 Yang Chenglin wrote this article at my request
& I now know a great deal more about my great grandfather thanks this generous person.
In August 1868, Dr. and Mrs. Shearer left Liverpool for China sailing on the SS Nestor [The London and China telegraph 1868]. He worked as a missionary of the London Missionary Society at the London Mission Hospital in Hankow & was in charge of the hospital there & writing the annual report [The second report of the london mission hospital]. In 1870, Dr. Shearer dissolved his connection with the London Missionary Society, and went to Kiukiang [The Chinese recorder and missionary journal 1870]. He was appointed the first medical officer of customs at Kiukiang [Customs gazette 1871], and he is probably the first Western medical doctor to this port.
In April 1874, Dr. and Mrs. Shearer left China [The London and China telegraph 1874], perhaps because of the bad health. [Edinburgh medical journal 1892].
The experiences of wives at that time are usually difficult to know. However, an American woman missionary wrote that Mrs. Shearer left her (out of tune) piano to the mission school for girls [The Heathen woman's friend 1875]. As a music teacher, Mrs. Shearer might have taught the girls herself.
Based on his medical practice in China, Dr. Shearer wrote on different topics: leprosy, mental diseases and opium. He was also an enthusiastic collector of botanical, geological and zoological specimens and gave a lecture in the North China branch of the Asiatic Society [The London and China telegraph 1874].
His botanical collection was sent to Kew Gardens, and new species were identified, some of which were named after him, like Sheareria, Pyrrosia sheareri, Anisocampium sheareri.
(Two letters from Dr. Shearer to the director of Kew Gardens are also archived and can be see below
杨成林 Yang Chenglin continues ....
People who may have influenced Dr George included Wong Fun & Armand David.
Armand David is a French Catholic missionary to China, and is better known as a zoologist and a botanist. A book about his early travels, Natural History of North China, was translated into English by Dr. Shearer. (The book itself did not show the translator, but Edinburgh medical journal 1874 said it was translated by Dr. Shearer.)
Dr. Shearer introduced Armand David and his collection when he came to Kiukiang. [Journal de mon troisième voyage d'exploration dans l'empire Chinois v2]. Later when Armand David became ill Dr. Shearer's cared for him, but David did not recover well & returned to France [Journal de mon troisième voyage d'exploration dans l'empire Chinois v2].
At that time, the University of Edinburgh was a world-renowned center of medical education. After Dr. Shearer left China the position of the medical officer of customs at Kiukiang was held by Scottish doctors who graduated from Edinburgh. The first Chinese to study medicine in the West, Wong Fun, graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1855. After returning to China, Wong Fun also first worked as a missionary of the London Missionary Society for several years, and while Dr. Shearer was the medical officer of customs at Kiukiang, Wong Fun was the medical officer of customs at Canton. Dr. Shearer's interest in botany was not accidental. Botany was then very important in medical education at the University of Edinburgh. One of Wong Fun's most famous achievements at the university was gaining the highest prize in botany class. The professor of botany then was John Hutton Balfour, who also taught Dr. Shearer. John Balfour's brother, Andrew Balfour, was a doctor in Hong Kong and also a teacher in Wong Fun's school. In Edinburgh, Wong Fun lived with their father, the older Andrew Balfour. Whether Dr. Shearer and Wong Fun were at the university at the same time is unknown, but Dr. Shearer possibly knew this Chinese senior early.
Customs Gazette Internet Archive
Page 6 one of Dr George Shearers reports to Custom Gazette 1871
Page 49
Cases of Leprosy, indicating the Muscular Condition of the subjects. A continuation of those narrated by Dr.Shearer in last Report.
Page 61
Dr. George SHEARER reports on cases treated in private practice, and in the Kiukiang Dispensary for Chinese, during the year 1871.
Dr George's study of botany . He discovered & named a michaelmas daisy like plant after his mother in law Sarah Georgina Moore.
Plants at Kew Only ref at Kew Karis PO. 1994
The fate of Sheareria S. Moore (Astereae) in Bremer's Asteraceae book. Compositae Newsl. no.24. 36-38 (1994) - En Geog=0 Systematics: ANGIOSPERMAE (COMPOSITAE: SHEARERIA) (199403252). chinensis and Serratula forrestii (Asteraceae - Cardueae) germplasm resources network Genus: Sheareria S. Moore Family: Asteraceae Altfamily: Compositae Genus number: 11117
849. Sheareria S. Moore, J. Bot. 13: 227, t. 165 (1875). 2 species, China. Sheareria S. Moore, Shinnersia R. M. King & H. Rob
Dictionary of British & Irish Botanists and Horticulturists
Shearer George 1860-1870’s MD of Liverpool Physician at Han Kow Hospital China 1868 ( Han Kow 586 miles up the Yangtze.) Collected plants Kui Keng 1873 J Bot 1875, 199-202, 225-31
Smithsonian Institute [C] Sheareria S. Moore, J. Bot. 13: 227. Aug 1875. T.: S. nana S. MoorePHAN.-ASTERACEAE (53) 9 Feb 1996
Dr George MD FRCS MLS.
Dr George was a Doctor Fellow of the Linnean Society & whilst in KuiKeng in Yangtse China studied the local Chinese population
Research paper The Prevalence of Insanity and other Nervous Diseases in China
George Shearer Journal of Mental Science 1875 21: 31-40.
Dr Georges - PLANTS found by him in China and named for him. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms - Shearerai. S Moore Asteraceae named for George Shearer,physician, plant collector and traveller in China .
see Emil Bretschneider 1833-1901 History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. reprint of original 1898 - Leipzip 1981
Annie Barbara Shearer age about 18 months with her Chinese ayah kindly sent by Kate Chevallier her great grandaughter
His wife Augusta Georgiana
nee Pomeroy daughter
of Augustus Stephen J Pomeroy
Superintendant of the Offices of
Royal Albert Docks Liverpool.
In the 1850s, the University of Edinburgh became one of the first destinations for early Chinese students who wanted to study overseas. Dr Wong Fun (Huang Kuan, 黄宽) or Wong Cheuk Hing (绰卿), the first Western trained doctor in China, was educated as a medical student at the University of Edinburgh between 1850 and 1855. After five years of studies,
Dr Wong graduated with a thesis entitled ‘On Functional Disorders of the Stomach’. In doing so, he became the first Chinese student to graduate not only from Edinburgh, but from any institution across the whole of Europe (Tong, 2017).
Yung Wing (Rong Hong, 容闳, 1828–1912), Wong’s former classmate, and one of the first Chinese graduates in the US, remembered him as “one of the ablest surgeons east of the Cape of Good Hope” (Wing 1909, p.33).
https://www.ed.ac.uk/global/uncovered/1800-1859/wong-fun
As recorded by the University, the courses Wong attended may include Anatomy, Chemistry, Theory of Medicine, Material Medical, Surgery, Practice of Physic, Midwifery, Botany, Pathology, Practical Anatomy, Natural History, Clinical Surgery, Military Surgery, Practical Chemistry, Practical Pharmacy. Wong performed well with prizes. In June 1855, Wong graduated.
A position as a medical missionary in Guangzhou was offered by the London Missionary Society (LMS) to work at a missionary hospital in Kum-Lee-Fow. Wong accepted the offer. Before his return to China, on 23rd June 1856 a farewell meeting was held by the EMMS in the Queen Street Hall, at which Professor Balfour donated a full set of eye instruments on behalf of the Society and the President. After a short speech, Dr William Brown presented Wong with a copy of Bagster’s Polyglot Bible (Baxter, 1993). Wong sailed for China in August. After a long and perilous journey of 166 days he safely arrived in China.
Above is a drawing of Sheareria S. Moore (Astereae)
Photographs of Kuikian
Old & new photographs of Kiukiang
After his return from China in 1874 Dr George wrote 2 letters toRoyal Botanical Gardens at Kew. These include copies of the hand written letters which are Copyright reserved
Howevert he liabilities involved in a licence were such that AJP decided against applying )
A precis of the letters can be seen below.
The newspapers of the time
The family returned to England in about 1875 settling in Liverpool where they took up residence at 173 Upper Parliament Street Liverpool . Dr George took up a post as senior assistant physician at the Liverpool Hospital for Consumption / Tuberculosis.
He was appointed lecturer in botany to the Liverpool School of Medicine and lecturer on physiology and general biology at Liverpool. As a Fellow of the Linnean Society he would have known Charles Darwin & he presented a paper at Liverpool University in 1892 in which he disputed Darwins Theory of the Survival of the Fittest.
He acted as the family Dr for his own and his wife's Pomeroy family & his signature can be found on several Pomeroy family death certificates.
George died of pneumonia age 54 on 14th March 1892 & was buried in St James Cemetery Liverpool
1881 census Upper Parliament Street Liverpool
Dr George Campbell SHEARER 43 Physician Thurso Scot
Georgina Augusta SHEARER Wife 44 Stepney Mdix,
Annie Barbara SHEARER Daur 12 1869 China
James Augustus SHEARER Son 10 1871 China
Kate Pomeroy SHEARER Daur 9 1872 China
George Herbert SHEARER Son 8 1873 China
Walter Campbell SHEARER Son 3 1877 Liverpool,
also in the household were 2 servants
Mary I. ROSSETER Servant age 20 born Ireland
Jane GERARD Servant age 19 Born Liverpool, Lancashire
Dr George sent newspaper reports home to England
provinces an independent kingdom of their own. DR. SHEARER ' S HOSPITAL AND OPIUM SMOKERS. We have received the "Second Report of the London Mission Hospital," Hankow, by George Shearer, M.D., from November 1, 1868, to December 31, 1869. This report professes
13 June 1870 London and China Telegraph London, London, England
as well as the two below which I have clipped and pasted
1891 - 173 Upper Parliament Street Liverpool
Dr George Shearer 54 1836 Physician born Scotland
Georgina A Shearer Wife 50 1839 - Stepney Midlx,
James Augustus Son UnM 20 1871 Clerk Born China
Annie Barbara Dau. UnM 21 1870 - China
Kate Pomeroy Dau UnM 19 1872 - China
George Herbert Son UnM 18 1873 Clerk China
Walter Campbell Son UnM 12 1877 - Liverpool
Elizabeth Daly housemaid 15 1876 servant Ireland
Dr George died of pneumonia in 1892
The 1901 Census shows widowed Georgiana living in Chestnut Grove with her sons James & George, who were both working as clerks , and a house maid
Unable to find her anywhere after 1901- She wasn't living with Walter in 1921 & her other sons had moved away
There was a Georgiana Shearer who died in 1920 in Wrexham which is about 32 miles from her home
Not total sure it is her in the record because the birth year is 11 years out The record gives her age 72 in 1920 - a birth date of 1848 - Her birth date was 1839 making her 81 in 1920 -
Reason for not finding her death
A) somehow missed . I have searched using every variation I can think of .
B ) she fibbed to her family about her age.