The HISTORY bit
All those trees
The Pomeroy family tree today has many branches
The modern Armorial line, that of Lord Harberton, was created in Ireland and arose from a 3rd son of a cadet line of the family at Ingsdon Manor in Ilsington, near Ashburton & Dartmoor in southern England
However with the advances in DNA are beginning to show other Pomeroy families that connect back to a common ancestor in around 1450s. In 2016 t a breakthrough showed how some of the modern Pomeroy's link back to the armorial family. of 1066
ORIGINS
There are the remains of a castle, the Chateau Ganne, in the municipality of La Pommeraye,
This lies 37 km south of Caen, in the region of Calvados, where apple brandy is made,
and stands at the heart of "Norman Hills" by the River Orne.
Proven Companions of Wiliam Duke of Normandy
• (1) Robert de Beaumont, later 1st Earl of Leicester (Source: William of Poitiers)
"A certain Norman, Robert, son of Roger of Beaumont, being nephew and heir to Henry, Count of Meulan, through Henry's sister Adeline, found himself that day in battle for the first time. He was as yet but a young man and he performed feats of valour worthy of perpetual remembrance. At the head of a troop which he commanded on the right wing he attacked with the utmost bravery and success."
• (2) Eustace, Count of Boulogne, a.k.a. Eustace II (Source: William of Poitiers)
"With a harsh voice he (Duke William) called to Eustace of Boulogne, who with 50 knights was turning in flight and was about to give the signal for retreat. This man came up to the Duke and said in his ear that he ought to retire since he would court death if he went forward. But at the very moment when he uttered the words Eustace was struck between the shoulders with such force that blood gushed out from his mouth and nose and half dead he only made his escape with the aid of his followers."
• (3) William, Count of Évreux (Source: William of Poitiers)
"There were present in this battle: Eustace, Count of Boulogne; William, son of Richard, Count of Evreux; Geoffrey, son of Rotrou, Count of Mortagne; William FitzOsbern; Haimo, Vicomte of Thouars; Walter Giffard; Hugh of Montfort-sur-Risle; Rodulf of Tosny; Hugh of Grantmesnil; William of Warenne, and many other most renowned warriors whose names are worthy to be commemorated in histories among the bravest soldiers of all time."
• (4) Geoffrey, Count of Mortagne & Lord of Nogent, later Count of Perche (fr) (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (5) William fitz Osbern, later 1st Earl of Hereford (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (6) Aimeri, Viscount of Thouars a.k.a. Aimery IV (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (7) Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (8) Hugh de Montfort, Lord of Montfort-sur-Risle (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (9) Ralph de Tosny, Lord of Conches a.k.a. Raoul II (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (10) Hugh de Grandmesnil (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (11) William de Warenne, later 1st Earl of Surrey (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (12) William Malet, Lord of Graville (Source: William of Poitiers)
"His (King Harold's) corpse was brought into the Duke's camp and William gave it for burial to William, surnamed Malet, and not to Harold's mother, who offered for the body of her beloved son its weight in gold."
• (13) Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, later Earl of Kent (Source: Bayeux Tapestry)
"Hic Odo Eps (Episcopus) Baculu(m) Tenens Confortat Pueros." ("Here Odo the Bishop holding a club strengthens the boys.")
• (14) Turstin fitz Rolf a.k.a. Turstin fitz Rou and Turstin le Blanc,[14] (Source: Orderic Vitalis)
• (15) Engenulf de Laigle (Source: Orderic Vitalis)
The five additional names
These five were agreed upon by both David C. Douglas and Geoffrey H. White and are from the Complete Peerage XII , Appendix L.
• (16) Geoffrey de Mowbray, Bishop of Coutances (Source: William of Poitiers)
• (17) Robert, Count of Mortain (Source: The Bayeux Tapestry)
• (18) Wadard. Believed to be a follower of the Bishop of Bayeux (Source: The Bayeux Tapestry)
• (19) Vital. Believed to be a follower of the Bishop of Bayeux (Source: The Bayeux Tapestry)[15]
• (20) Goubert d’Auffay, Seigneur of Auffay (Source: Orderic Vitalis)
Since the time of these lists, J. F. A. Mason in the English Historical Review adds one additional name:
• (21) Humphrey of Tilleul-en-Auge (Source: Orderic Vitalis)
• Robert Mortain was Duke Williams half brother and after Hastings he given over 700 manors , many in Cornwall and was considered Earl of Cornwall. Reginald its Earl of Cornwall was the illegitimate son of William the Conquerors son Henry I and brother of Rose /Rohese who married the 1st Henry Pomeroy
In those ancient times the land of England belonged either to the Church or to the King.
The Nobility did knights service , military service, for the king in exchange for their lands.
A Feudal society had a strict layering of class of the population .
Each layer of the Feudal state depended on the others for everything to function &
when one layer changed so did everything around it.
The Nobility did knights service , military service, for the king in exchange for their lands.
A Feudal society had a strict layering of class of the population .
Each layer of the Feudal state depended on the others for everything to function &
when one layer changed so did everything around it.
The monarch obviously was top of this system receiving his income from those below him.
beneath the king were the Aristocrats, the Dukes & Earls, etc.
Barons and knights came below them ; all vassals & tenants of the king either by Knight service or as Tenant in Chief .
& permitted to administer their estates without much intervention from the king ;
they handed their lands down to their eldest sons.
The barons & knights with their land ownership & their personal armies were a significant & powerful force in English society
as King John discovered in 1215 ..
At this time you either owned the land or you worked it.
Beneath the nobles, bishops and knights was the ' peasantry'
villeins then serfs & beneath them all were the unfree slaves , all obliged to live on the local lord's land, subject to his will.
beneath the king were the Aristocrats, the Dukes & Earls, etc.
Barons and knights came below them ; all vassals & tenants of the king either by Knight service or as Tenant in Chief .
& permitted to administer their estates without much intervention from the king ;
they handed their lands down to their eldest sons.
The barons & knights with their land ownership & their personal armies were a significant & powerful force in English society
as King John discovered in 1215 ..
At this time you either owned the land or you worked it.
Beneath the nobles, bishops and knights was the ' peasantry'
villeins then serfs & beneath them all were the unfree slaves , all obliged to live on the local lord's land, subject to his will.
Just as the land owning nobles gave homage to the king so those who worked the land gave homage in the form of labour,
a portion of their time & their produce to their overlord, notionally in exchange for protection.
a portion of their time & their produce to their overlord, notionally in exchange for protection.
In the C11th there was little by way of a middle class,. Either a man owned the land or he worked the land with a few merchants trading far and wide
Change occurred with the huge reduction of population caused by he Black Death & later changed arose as the wealth & number of Wool Merchants increased .
Change occurred with the huge reduction of population caused by he Black Death & later changed arose as the wealth & number of Wool Merchants increased .
Berry Pomeroy Castle by English Heritage
English Heritage 'Before archaeological excavations began in 1980, Berry Pomeroy was generally believed to be a fortress of Norman origin. However this proved to be incorrect. The gatehouse is thought to be C13th
but it was not until the C15th that the Pomeroy family began to build their Castle, By then they had already owned the manor of ‘Berri’ for over 400 years.
It was only in the Pomeroy family's possession for around 70 years. The ruins found there now include the great house built after it was sold in 1547 to the Earl of Somerset's whose descendants build a mansion within its walls between about 1560 and 1610.
Ranulph de Pomarai, a Norman knight from La Pommeraye near Falaise was granted 58 Devon Manors by William the Conqueror .
They chose Beri neat Totnes and their primary manor & may have occupied an unfortified manor house by the Beri church , which was still in full use in 1496. Exactly when the castle was begun remains uncertain but it seems to have been built during the period knows as the Wars of the Roses and first appears in the records late in the 15th century.It seems most likely to have been begun by Henry Pomeroy , whose wife was Alice Ralegh and given the length of time it would have taken to build such a fortress, it is reasonable to assume that it was begun by Sir Henry Pomeroy, and completed by the next generation. Certainly his 2nd son carried on t and is recorded as owner of the ‘honour, castle and manor of Bury’ , at that time. Sir Henry died in 1487 just 2 years after the Lancastrian Henry Tudor stole the English crown and gave England 119 years of Tudor rule
Sir Henry Pomeroy d 1481 and his wife Alice Ralegh had at least 7 children; the eldest son , Sir St Clere born in the1440's married to Catherine Courtenay in 1462, and who died in 1471 after the Battle of Tewkesbury. Their 2nd son Sir Richard became Baron Pomeroy with his 2nd wife, the exceedingly wealthy, Elizabeth Densyll daughter of successful wool merchant Richard Densyll. She came as very well dowered as the widow of the heir of an ambitious and successful family and widow of,Sir Martin Fortescue who died in 1473 . His father was Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lord Chief Justice of England. It seems that Richard may have completed the building of the castle around the time king Richard III died at Bosworth.
Richard's subsequent restoration of the Church at Berry Pomeroy has Tudor roses carved into the stones; the reason is unknown, whether out of natural loyalty or to reassure insecure Henry VII that he would not rock the fragile Tudor boat .
In the Beginning there was an Invasion, the Norman Conquest, followed by a Tax Accounting - the Domesday Book !
1066 AND ALL THAT - Who Got what
For his part in the Norman Conquest of England Ralph de la Pomerai was awarded more than 50 manors, their lands and rents in Devon.
Ash (Bradworthy), Ashcombe, Aunk Berry Pomeroy, Radworthy, Brendon, Clyst St George, Curtisknowle, Dunsdon, Heavitree, Highleigh, Huxham, Keynedon, Lank Combe, Mamhead, Peamore, Sheldon, Smallridge, Southweek, Stockleigh Pomeroy, Strete Raleigh, Tale, Upottery, Washfield, Weycroft, Yeadbury, Great Torrington, Bruckland, Caffyns Heanton, Cheriton (Brendon), Dunkeswell, Dunstone (Widecombe in the Moor), Gappah, Holcombe, Mowlish.
By around 1496 Pomeroy lands included Berry Pomeroy included Coffyns Heannton (Lynton) Ogewell, Churston Ferrers, Clyst Forneson (Sowton) Gattecombe in Colyton, Knighton Hethfield at Hennock, Pynesford in Asprington and Saltern at Budleigh Salterton.
The family became established in Devon at Beri or Berry Pomeroy near the thriving town of Totnes. As the family expanded and spread outward, and over the intervening centuries there were family groups across Devon and the south of the west country, into Cornwall and later into Dorset.
The senior line of the family became extinct in the 17th Century . The current armorial Pomeroy family , the Viscounts Harberton, stems from a 3rd son of a cadet Irish branch of the family at Ingsdon Manor in Ilsington near Haytor on Dartmoor.
Bury Pomeroy Castle no longer belongs to the Pomeroy family It was sold some 500 years ago, just 80 years after the Pomeroy builders finished it.
In 1547 Sir Thomas Pomeroy, being deeply in debt sold the barony with its castle, manors and the lands of Bury Pomeroy to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset.
My suspicion is that the upkeep of the castle, with it retainers and obligations, and payments on the hefty mortgage, proved too much for both his father Edward and for Thomas and his debts rose to a point where he had no choice but to sell the barony to the ambitious Edward Seymour who, as uncle to Edward VI, had recently made himself Duke of Somerset. His ambitions lost him his head at the Tower of London in January 1552
Two years later Thomas Pomeroy got himself into other trouble when He participated in the Prayerbook Rebellion of 1549.
For his part in this West Country rebellion, which was suppressed in a most bloody fashion, Sir Thomas was sent to the The Flete prison in London where he languished for several years before he was released and sent to the country.
It seems that some of his family leased back the family holdings at Sandridge in Stoke Gabriel near Dartmouth and in Brixham but by 1715 the main line died out when Joan daughter of Roger Pomeroy in 1679 married Humphrey Gilbert of the famous Gilbert family of nearby Compton Castle.
Cousin Hugh, son of Valentine Pomeroy had daughters who died in infancy and when he died in 1715 the Sandridge line of the Pomeroys ended in the male line, or so it seemed...
The Cornish Tregony Pomeroy line also died out , as did, apparently, the land-owning line at St Columb Major in Cornwall, where some of the children of Collaton Pomeroys, in the parish of Newton Ferrers, near Plymouth lived.
Henry Pomeroy of Tregony and Richard Leigh son of Anne Pomeroy of Collaton Manor in Newton Ferrers and William Leigh of Leigh both married in 1600 and 1601 . Their wives were two sisters, Elizabeth and Eleanor Bonython of St Collumb Major.
That line ‘daughtered’ out in the mid 17th century when William Pomeroy died in 1622 at St Ervan in Cornwall- his Will lost in the bombing of Exeter in WWII, and his sister Anne who married a Jenkyn was the last of the Collaton Pomeroys
The other family was at Ingesdon in Ilsington parish a manor near the village of Bickington just north of the busy Stannary and wool town of Ashburton in Devon. This Ilsington branch of the family became extinct in the 17th century.
In 2012 we researched a group of Pomeroys who ndescended from the Ingsdon branch and moved to Landrake in Cornwall, their descendants going into the East India Company and moving to London.
Ingsdon Manor in Ilsington Parish Devon
The Pomeroy's who went to Ireland fared better. Some went off the West Virginia in the 1750’s and those who remained became a newly created armorial line the Ingsdon cadet branch.
This is the current Viscounts Harberton line descending from a 3rd son of the cadet line at Ingsdon.
DNA has shown that there are living descendants from the Stoke Gabriel and Sandridge line, as well as in Cornwall, Somerset and in Dorset as well as Devon , all with ancient well founded families branches
We are still seeking to establish where THE MODERN POMEROY'S CAME FROM & there are numerous dedicated people are hunting for the answer
A VERY LITTLE ENGLISH HISTORY
When William the Bastard, called the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy sailed from Normandy in 1066 AD he brought some 500 knights with him.
The Battle at Hastings that resulted from this invasion came after a turbulent time & the Norman conquest resulted in a nation of unity and power, England; and ultimately Great Britain.
Ralph de la Pomerai recorded in 1066 Battle Roll
xxxv Radulphus de Pomeray
A bronze tablet in the ancient church at Dives Sur Mer in Normandy bears the names of many of the known Companions of the Conqueror who embarked from Dives, in 1066 and it includes Raoul(Ranulph,/Ralph) de la Pommeraie and his half brother. Guillaume la Chevre or William Capra also called William the Goat in Domesday Book.
Ranulph de Pomeroy is also on the Holinshead Roll, but despite what previous researchers have stated Hugue de la Pommera does not appear on the tablet or in other list and this researcher cannot find him on any Battle Role.
In 1068 he is thought to have taken part in the siege of Exeter.
a small city with a very long history -here
Pomerai was awarded 58 manors in Devon including Berry Pomeroy, plus two in Somerset by the time of Ralph's his death in around 1102 his estate was the fifth largest baronial landholding in Devon.
Definitions Concerning Titled and Landed Families
Aristocracy, aristocrat From 19th century the term which included all ranks down to gentry. Gentry who do not hold land have frequently been excluded from the group.
Armigers Someone entitled to bear a coat-of-arms, an esquire.
Armorial a heraldic coat of arms or a book illustration this
Armorial bearings An heraldic charge or device,; coat of arms
Baron Lowest rank of the peerage
Baronet A hereditary rank created by James I in 1611 for a fee of £1,095 which was used for troops in Ulster. Abbrevted to Bart. or Bt.
Baronetage Baronets collectively. Also a manual containing a list of baronets with genealogy.
Baronetcy Baronet’s patent or rank
Barony The domain of a baron. In Ireland the division of a county. In Scotland a large freehold estate or manor.
Coat of arms Heraldic device granted to an individual. There is no such thing as a family coat of arms.
College of Heralds aka College of Arms The official heraldic authority for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and much of the Commonwealth including Australia and New Zealand .which records pedigrees etc. and grants armorial bearings.
Herald Officer who, among other duties, regulated the use of armorial bearings
Heraldry Science of armorial bearings carried out by a herald.
Heralds’ Visitations County surveys carried out by the heralds from the College of Arms King of Arms Chief Herald
Duke There are 11 Dukes Usually a member of the Royal Family they outrank all other titles holders -
Earl The oldest English title and rank and now considered above the ranks of baron and viscount.
Esquire 17th -18th centuries a man with a coat of arms who was a superior gentleman. During 19th century was used to address any gentleman, and later any man.
Gentleman / Gentry Superior in rank to a yeoman but have no title, and some have no land. In 19th century excluded from nobility but included as lowest rank of aristocracy. In common parlance ‘one who does not work with his hands’ so included urban professionals as well as richer rural people.
Knight Knighthood was a personal honour not an hereditary one. Originally one who fought with William the Conqueror and was rewarded with land which was held in return for knight service or money. One who did not take the knighthood because of the expense remained an esquire. After 1662 a knight was a person, usually of noble birth who had served as page and squire, elevated to this honourable military rank. Later conferred as reward for personal merit or service to crown or country.
Landed family Families who owned land, generally gentry and above in rank.
Landed gentry Gentlemen who owned land.
Marquess or marquis Rank of nobility between duke and earl; may be carried as a courtesy title by the heir to a dukedom.
Nobility Originally all ranks down to gentry, later divided into hereditary nobility (peers) and lower noble ranks. Many modern nobles have no landed estates.
Peer(s), Peerage Hereditary noble who sits in the House of Lords ( until the end of the 20th century). The term peerage is also used for a list or manual of genealogy of the peers.
Sir The title of baronets and knights and, until the Reformation, of a priest who was not a university graduate.
Titled family Family having a title of nobility down to level of baronet.