BERWICK is on the east coast of England  at the mouth of the River Tweed near the border of England & Scotland. For centurie it suffered from the conflict between the two kingdoms ; control of the town passed back and forth between England and Scotland until after the death of Elizabeth I  in 1603 when the 1st Stuart king  James I of England & VI of Scotland , took the throne uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland.

An inquisitions in  1317/1318,  refers to former treasurers  John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon.
Addressees: King and council.

Nature of request: Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has not been delayed.

The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318, 

Reference: C 131/172/50   1325

Description: Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [Lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred, Devon.].

Creditor: Richard de Chissebeche. Amount: £100. Before whom: Chancery. 

When taken: 02/03/1325 First term: 19/05/1325 Last term: 19/05/1325.       Writ to: Sheriff of Devon      Sent by: Chancery

Endorsement: Matthew de Crowthorne, Sheriff, replies that Nicholas de Tewkesbury divested himself of all his lands and tenements in the bailiwick fifteen days before this writ arrived, and therefore it could not be executed; 
afterwards, on 11/08/1325, another writ arrived for half Nicholas's lands, to be returned on 18/11/1325.

Note: Inquisition and return: Date given for the return to Chancery: 11/08/1325. [C 131/2/14 is a duplicate]
Held by: The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s)

A2A  retrieved records 21 Oct 2019   

Petitioners: Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury). 

Reference: SC 8/195/9744 Note: C 143/139/18 is dated 13 Edward II (8 July 1319-7 July 1320),
This petition must date from shortly afterwards. The borough of Dartmouth, originally comprised three distinct settlements, Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, sometimes combined, as here, into a single place name.

Date: c. 1319]  Related material: For the inquisition ad quod damnum mentioned here, see C 143/139/18 ( inquiry into what damage )

C 143/139/18
Description:  Nicholas de Teukesbyry to have a grant that his town of Clifton Dartmouth Hardeness shall be a free borough. Devon. Date: 13 EDWARD II.

• C 143/139 Description: Inquisitions taken as a result of applications to the Crown for licences to alienate land.

• C 143/139/18 Nicholas de Teukesbyry to have a grant that his town of Clifton Dartmouth Hardenash shall be a free borough. Devon  date 13 Edward II 1320 

Reference: SC 8/162/8095

Description: Petitioners: Nicholas de Tewkesbury, late sheriff of Devon.   Addressees: King and council.

Occupation: sheriff of Devon

Nature of request: Tewkesbury requests a remedy so that the sums he expended in the purchase of corn and other victuals which were dispatched to Berwick by the king's order be allowed in his account as two treasurers have commanded such an allowance but it has not been delayed.

Nature of endorsement: Let the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer be commanded to view the letters sent to them by the king upon the contents of the petition, and also the inquisitions taken upon this, and they should make allowance according to the tenor of the orders and inquisitions. If there is a reasonable cause whereby this ought not to be done then the king is to certify.

Places mentioned: Devon; Scotland; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Tavistock, [Devon].

People mentioned: William Martin ; Robert de Stokhey; William Burne (Bourne); Bishop of Exeter; [Nicholas of Hanslope], abbot of Tavistock; [John Hotham], bishop of Ely; Walter de Norwyz (Norwich), late treasurer.

Note:   The petition probably dates to 1320. One of the inquisitions referred to in this petition dates to 1317/1318, and this petition refers to former treasurers John de Hotham and Walter de Norwich. Norwich served several terms, but if the treasurers are referred to in the order that they served, Hotham served from May 1317 to June 1318, and Norwich from September 1319 to February 1320, which would date to after February 1320. If the references refer to Hotham as the most recent of the two treasurers, then the petition would date to after June 1318, Norwich's previous term ending in May 1317.

DARTMOUTH

Dartmouth lies at the mouth of the river Dart which flows off Dartmoor past Totnes which lies upstream of  Stoke Gabriel  & Dartmouth. 
For centuries the town was harbour to many ships, sending them to war, to explore the world & to trade with parts of Europe & west across the Atlantic to Newfoundland, as well as sharing in local and coastal trade .
Map of Medieval English Ports Here

C14th Trade was flourishing  in Dartmouth  

 Date: 1332 • Reference: C 241/112/35 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce

Reference:SC 8/162/8096  
Description: Petitioners: ? No Petitioner named Nature of request:
Copy of an inquisition concerning the order to Tewkesbury to ship various cargoes of grain to Berwick; the sending of the grain by various ships, and the loss of the victuals at sea.
Nature of endorsement • [None].
Places mentioned:  Exeter, [Devon]; Devon; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Exmouth, [Devon].
People mentioned: William Martyn (Martin) ; Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury), late sheriff of Devon. 

Nature of request: Copy of an inquisition concerning the order to Tewkesbury to ship various cargoes of grain to Berwick; the sending of the grain by various ships, and the loss of the victuals at sea.

Places mentioned: Kings Tamerton, Devon; Dartmouth, [Devon]; Faversham, [Kent]; Berwick-upon-Tweed, [Northumberland]; Portsmouth, [Hampshire]; Dunwich, [Suffolk]; Topsham, [Devon]; Plymouth, [Devon]; Exeter, [Devon]; Great Yarmouth, [Norfolk].

People mentioned: William de Bourne; Robert de Stokhee; Nicholas de Bokeshyde; Nicholas de Teukesbury (Tewkesbury), late sheriff of Devon; John Fiket of Dunwich; Nicholas Page, attorney of Walter de Waldestheve; Walter de Langeden, attorney of Walter de Waldestheve; Walter de Waldestheve, late butler of the king.

Note: The copy of an inquisition dates to 1317-1320 with the petition to which it was formerly attached (SC 8/162/8095). The inquisition itself is dated in its dating clause to Thursday in the vigil of St Martin, 11 Edw. II, (either 10 Nov. 1317, or 3 July 1318).Date: [1317-1320]

 The National Archives, Kew. Reference SC 8/162/8093 Description: Petitioners:? No Petitioner named

 Nicholas was trading in 1310 to start that he would have been of age 21 . He seems to have shuffled off this mortal coil , tying up his affairs aged about 70  in 1380 

CP 25/1/44/63,   Medieval  Feet of Fines 1380 

Link:Image of document at AALT
County:Devon.  Place:Westminster. Date:  Two weeks from Easter, 3 Richard [II] [8 April 1380].
And afterwards one week from Holy Trinity, 5 Richard [II] [8 June 1382].

Parties querents,:Nicholas Kirkham ,  John Hulle ,  John Blake ,  John Fillegh' ,  Robert Hulle  and  Richard Foldhay ,  deforciant   Thomas de Beauchamp' ,

Property:The manors of  Clifton'  and  Clauton' , which  Nicholas de la Pom'ay  holds for life by the law of England.

Action:Plea of covenant.

Agreement: Thomas has granted for himself and his heirs that the manors - which Nicholas de la Pom'ay held for life by the law of England of the inheritance of Thomas on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay ought to revert to Thomas and his heirs - after the decease of Nicholas de la Pom'ay shall remain to Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard and the heirs of Robert, to hold of the chief lords for ever.Warranty:Warranty.For this:Nicholas Kirkham, John, John, John, Robert and Richard have given him 200 marks of silver.

 In 1147 a fleet of 146 ships set out  from Dartmouth on the Second Crusade to the Holy Land .
The Third Crusade  in 1190, consisted of a 100 more ships .
These events gave a name to a tiny Dartmouth inlet   , Warfleet Creek, which lies just inside the river mouth.

 The Third Crusade in 1189– gathered the greatest army ever assembled , culminated  in Jerusalem  in 1192  with  a very bloody carnage & a slaughter of  innocents thus writing the first chapter in the conflict between Christianity and Islam , which  is still being written today .

1373 - the  English poet Geoffrey Chaucer, visited Dartmouth. He had a very interesting & varied career . He was brother in law to Katheryn de Roet, widow of Swynford, latterly 3rd wife of John of Gaunt 3rd son of Edward III & wealthiest man in England,. They were the parents of the Beauforts.
Chancer is best known for his seminal work The Canterbury Tales.  The  character the Shipman of Dartmouth, is said to be based on the notorious  John Hawley (d.1408) – the leading merchant in Dartmouth & fourteen times Mayor. A man who was also a ruthless privateer during the time of the Hundred Years War. Chaucer described Hawley as a conscienceless character who kept a dagger on a cord about his neck, and sent his enemies ‘home by water’ .

In 1341, Dartmouth was granted a Royal Charter, which allowed for the election of a mayor. The borough was required to provide two ships for forty days per year. ( to the king's navy)    The king gave the river (Dart) to the Duchy of Cornwall in 1333, who still own the "fundus" or bed of the river .

In 1335 Edward III granted Dartmouth to Lady Joan  Carew, whose husband was Lord of Stoke Fleming, and almost immediately she obediently passed the lordship to Guy de Bryan, one of the king's leading ministers. 

1346 His brother John Carew took possession of the “Lordship of Brixham” around in 1346 & died in 1468 . His son Nicholas who was a prebend of Glasney Ecclesiastic College in Penryn in Cornwall took leave when his father died on 20th April that year.

In 1386 Phillip de Bryan son of Sir Guy married Johanna Chudlegh daughter of Sir James & his wife Joan Pomeroy & co heir to the Pomeroy barony after Sir John Pomeroy.   She was the widow of Sir John St Aubyn who after his death in 1384  married sir Phillip de Bryan in 1386 & by 1387 was the widow again. In 1388 the twice widowed  Joanna married Thomas Pomeroy Esq.  

After 1390, no more is heard of lordship rights, and the borough became effectively independent of any lord.

John Hawley was one of the richest and most successful of these ‘privateers’ in Dartmouth and was repeatedly commissioned by the king to ‘keep the seas’.
Two of his ships even formed a part of Richard II’s escort to France for his marriage to Isabella of France in 1395.

Hawley was elected mayor of Dartmouth 14 times, and was twice the town’s MP. He was even made a collector of customs.
Chaucer’s fictional shipman from Dartmouth, is apparently based on Hawley (whom he had met in 1373), suggests that he was no saint. 

https://sites.google.com/site/pomeroytwigs2/home

Feet Of Fines 

CP 25/1/44/65, number 88.

Link: Image of document at AALT

County: Devon.

Place: Westminster.

Date: Two weeks from St Michael, 12 Richard [II] [13 October 1388].

Parties: John Haweley of Dertemouth', querent,
and William Bast and Joan, his wife, deforciants.

Property:A moiety of 1 messuage, of 1 carucate and 3 ferlings of land and of 6 pounds of rent in Shilleston', Shipham, Legh', Suthcokflete, Northcokflete and Wynston'.

Action:Plea of covenant.

Agreement:William and Joan have acknowledged the moiety to be the right of John, as that which he has of their gift, and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Joan to him and his heirs for ever.

Warranty: Warranty.

For this:John has given them 20 marks of silver.

Medieval ports here - http://www.medievalandtudorships.org/search_ports/

16th century voyages from Tewkesbury here

Tewkesbury lies 50 miles upstream from Bristol, on the confluence of the River Avon, which flows south past Worcester on to Tewkesbury, and the River Severn with rises in the depths of Wales.
The Abbey replaced a Saxon Church and monastery, of which no trace remains and in 1121 with the Abbey consecrated by the Bishop of Worcester assisted by four other bishops.
Tewkesbury is credited with one of the most beautiful Norman towers in the world & was a busy trading town for centuries. The 1471  Battle of Tewkesbury saw the rise of the house of York under Edward Iv when his army defeated the Lancastrian army of the  "sleeping King' Henry IV 7 his very unpopular French queen Margaret of Anjou who accompanied the Lanastrain army

A few miles away hidden away in the Vale of Severn & set close to the edge of the Cotswold hills was Hailes Abbey  a powerful & influential Cistercian abbey founded in 1246 by Richard of Cornwall, It lies very close the a Salt Way that runs from the Droitwich salt mines, south along the edge of the Cotwaold hills to the coast at Weymouth.

Devon Record Office 3799M-0/ET/25/1 1364
Contents: Grant for 13 years
1. Thomas of la POMEROY
2. John Fisschre., John Capoun, John Tailour

Premises: all the coppice wood growing in 1.'s woods of Bixynore and Hailes

Rent: 20/- payable at 'San.' in the house of Walter atte Burghe called le Reale

Condition: if Fissachre do not pay the rent, cut down oak, ash or coppice wood outside the term granted, or do not keep the wood of Hailes enclosed, then Pomeroy is allowed to re-enter the woods and retain them.
Fissachre, Capoun & Tailor  bind themselves in £10 to pay for this transgression

Date: Stoke Basset, Monday after St Michael, 38 Edward III

Seals: three; first missing, second a heraldic beast, possibly a lion, third a man's head in an eight-pointed star

1365 Devon Record Office  3799M-0/ET/25/1  

Contents: Grant for 13 years -- ( for logging )

1. Thomas of la Pomeray

2. John Fisschre., John Capoun, John Tailour

Premises: all the coppice wood growing in 1.'s woods of Bixynore and Hailes

Rent: 20/- payable at 'San.' in the house of Walter atte Burghe called le reale

Condition: if 2. does not pay the rent, cut down oak, ash or coppice wood outside the term granted, or does not keep the wood of Hailes enclosed, then 1. is allowed to re-enter the woods and retain them. 2. bind themselves in £10 to pay for this transgression

Date: Stoke Basset, Monday after St Michael, 38 Edward III-1365

Seals: three; first missing, second a heraldic beast, possibly a lion, third a man's head in an eight-pointed star

1379 Hugh Pomeroy shipped pipe oil to the value of £12/13/4d on the Juliane from Bristol,  to Portugal
( Source -Overseas Trade of Bristol by Carus Wilson, pub:1937,  page 182) 

Where Hugh fits on the family tree is unclear - this name doesnt turn up until later circa 1530's

Note  A number of Benedictine Priories were connected  across the  vale of Severn by trackways and lanes . These were Deerhurst, Little Malvern, Gloucester, Winchcombe, ( Hailes Abbey is nearby  a wealthy and significant Cistercian abbey founded in 1246 by Richard, Earl of Cornwall,  3 miles north of  Winchcombe & Sudeley Castle) Other Benedictines foundations were at Tewkesbury, Evesham, Pershore and Worcester . Hereford lies to the west & still has a Benedictine Abbey ; to west beyond that is Wales .
Mainly founded in the 12th century these were lost  when Henry VIII laid waste to  the monastic system during  the Dissolution in the late 1530’s.

Bixynor is English Bicknor & Welsh Bicknor - two parishes on opposite sides of the river Wye near Symonds Yat  with Goodritch & its Castle  close to Lydbrook in the Forest of Dean.

Among those buried at the Hailes Abbey were the founder, Richard of Cornwall, his second wife, Sanchia of Provence, and his sons, Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall and Henry of Almain

Hailes .At one time there was a moated ringwork castle at Hailes , built in 11th or early 12th century, near the church in the village.  The castle was strengthened by Ralph of Worcester at the start of the difficult years of the Anarchy, with Hailes Castle playing a role in the conflict between 1139 and 1145. When the abbey was built the castle became partly incorporated into the inner precinct of the Abbey.

Hailes Abbey became a site of pilgrimage after Richard's son Edmund donated to the Cistercian community a phial of the Holy Blood, purchased in Germany, in 1270. Such a relic of the Crucifixion was a considerable magnet for pilgrimage. From the proceeds, the monks of Hailes were able to rebuild the Abbey on a magnificent scale.  One Abbot of Hailes was executed as a rebel after the Battle of Bramham Moor, in 1408.

Monasteries were self sustaining micro-economies. At the same time, they were part of a wide-ranging, international trade.The monasteries’ tenant farmers would agree to run large flocks of sheep alongside their own flocks, to raise the wool needed by the monks; or monastery owned sheep would be grazed on common land.   Wool was only one aspect of monastic economies; tanneries and corn mills were also common, as were raising other livestock, rabbit warrens and fishponds – monasteries also owned lead mines. Whilst it’s hard to overstate the importance of wool to the monastic economy, it’s worth remembering that there were also other ventures.

~~~~~~

below  the monastery & its precinct

Tewkesbury Merchant Houses
As a merchant Nicholas Pomeroy apart from having property & lands in Devon, would have had a townhouse for business in Tewkesbury. He died around 1380 & it is impossible to say which of Tewkesbury's many ancient houses was his.

NICHOLAS the Merchant  1317-1320   Lord of Dartmouth 1307
Related material:

For a copy of another writ formerly attached to petition, see SC 8/162/8097
For the copy of another inquisition formerly attached to this petition, see SC 8/162/8096

For a copy of a writ to the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer to make allowance, see SC 8/162/8094
For a copy of one of the inquisitions formerly attached to this petition, see SC 8/162/8093

Held by: The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s) Language: French (Norman French)  Open Document,  

Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry}  lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon. 

Creditor: William de.Haywode
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Haywood {Haywode}. Amount: £31 19s. 3d. Before whom: John le Blund, Mayor of London

• Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1307 • Reference: C 241/57/166 • Subjects Debt | Trade & commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon.
Creditor: William de Heywood {Heywode} 

Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury {Teukesbyry} [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred] of Devon. Creditor: William de Heywood {Heywode} Amount: £31 19s. 3d. Before whom: John le Blund, Mayor of London

• Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1308 • Reference: C 241/61/94 • Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington, knight [of...

Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple.
Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth, Coleridge Hundred], and Roger de Cockington, knight [of Cockington, Haytor Hundred, Devon].
Creditor: Walter, the Bishop of Exeter [Devon]  

• Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 13 December 1310 • Reference: C 241/70/43 •
Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in...

Debtor: Miles, burgess of Gloucester. Creditor: Simon Bull {Bole}, citizen of London [merchant]. Amount: £40,...
Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level. London;
William Trent; in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and William Trent;
in the presence of Roger le Grant, barber, Robert de Lemington, John Lucas, and Nicholas de Tewkesbury.

When taken: 30/03/1313 First term: 15/04/1313 Last term: 15/04/1313
Held by: The National Archives, Kew - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions
Date: 1313 Reference: C 241/81/179 Subjects: Debt | Trade and commerce
Statute of Staple refers to wool trading

Chancery: Certificates of Statute Merchant and Statute Staple. Description available at other catalogue level.
Debtor: Nicholas de Tewkesbury [lord of Dartmouth in Coleridge Hundred, and held two fees in Galmpton and Hewish [Stanborough Hundred, Devon]
Creditor: The Abbot of Tavistock [Tavistock Hundred)