Embedded Files
The Green House Gas Architecture of the UK 1715 to 2018
This essay examines the Architecture of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the UK between the years 1715 and 2018.
Theory
The essay proposes that the Greenhouse Gas Emissions are indicators of the social, economic, environmental, resource and energy use of the UK between the years 1715 and 2018. They are its history as much as its literature, art and products.
Definitions
Within the scope of this essay the terms are.
Architecture.
The relationships between the total environment and human beings.
Green House Gas emissions
The emission levels of the Gases Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, SHF, Sulphur Hexa Fluorides gases, PFC, Per Fluoro Carbons gases, and HFC, Hydro Fluro Carbon gases.
Method
The UK is examined in the following terms for the years, and subsets of years, between 1715 and 2018.
Population, Land Use, Population Density, Agricultural Land as a Percentage of Total Land, Arable Land as a Percentage of Total Land, Fossil Fuel Production and Consumption, Cumulative-Co-Emissions, Annual-Co2-Emissions-Per-Country, Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-by-Gas, Production-vs-Consumption-Co2-Emissions, Carbon-Emission-Intensity-of-Economies, Co2-Emissions-in-Imported-Goods-as-a-Share-of-Domestic-Emissions, Global-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-by-Sector, Global-Carbon-Dioxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Co, Nitrous-Oxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe, Methane-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe.
Conclusions are then drawn.
Data is set out in a spread sheet attached to this essay.
References are included within the text and at the end of this essay.
Population
There has been an increase in population over 268 years of 58,352,316 people in the UK.
There has been a larger number of increases in population than decreases in population in the UK over 268 years.
The 1848 decrease in population could be attributed to the year of revolution throughout Europe.
The 1918, 1919 decrease in population could be attributed to the First World War.
The 1941 decrease in population could be attributed to World War 2.
Source: www.spanishsuccession.nl/englishmain.html 1700 Population
Source: Google Search : Sources Include World Bank 2015 population
Source: Google Search : Sources Include World Bank 2016 population
Source: Google Search : Sources Include World Bank 2017 population
Source: Google Search : Sources Include World Bank 2018 population
Land Use
The percentage of urban population has increased from approx; extrapolated; 35% to 82.3%. A 47.3% increase over 268 years.
The percentage of rural population has decreased from approx; extrapolated; 65% to 17.7%. A 47.3 decrease over 268 years.
Source: Google Search : UK Land Area
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom#UK_population_change_over_time Population density
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom#History 2014 land % agriculture
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rural-population-and-migration/rural-population-201415
Source: http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-WalesUA.html 2016
Source: www.bbc.com/news/uk-18623096
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-41397806
Source: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/EW1901GEN/4 urban and rural pop 1891 and 1901
Source: http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN03339/SN03339.pdf
Source: http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/7154/mrdoc/pdf/guide.pdf
Source: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/EW1961PRE/3?show=ALL Percentage of population 1911 to 1961 urban and rural
Source: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/united-kingdom/rural-population urban and rural percentage per year
Source: http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/7154/mrdoc/pdf/guide.pdf extrapolated by average per year urban population percentage 1831 to 1801
Source:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/208436/auk-2012-25jun13.pdf Agricultural land and arable land percentage per year.
Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom - Gov.uk 2009
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/agriculture-in-the-united-kingdom agricultural land use
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/672119/AUK-2016-08jan18.pdf
Population Density
The population density has increased from 34 people per km2 to 271 people per km2. An increase of 237people per km2 over 268 years.
Agricultural Land and Arable Land
Agricultural land is taken as the total land for farming.
Arable land is taken as the total land that crops can grow on.
The land in Britain up to the 1350's was under feudal and church control.
Land was used randomly by the people living on it.
Enclosure of land increases in Britain from the 1350's.
Regulated Markets, then private markets and traders, increase in Britain from the 1350's.
Pasture land is increasingly reclaimed into arable land in Britain from the 1350's.
Transport of people and goods increases in Britain from 1500's.
Private Farmers, breeding of livestock, drainage of land, transport, markets, use of fertilizer increases in Britain from the 1700's onwards.
International movement of people, trade in livestock, trade in produce, trade in fertilizers increases in Britain from the 1700's.
It is estimated that the amount of arable land in Britain grew by 10–30% through these land conversions.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution#Enclosure
The amount of arable land is therefore taken as 30% in 1875. The year of the first survey of farming in Britain.
Allowing for the enclosure acts from 1700 to 1820 in Britain.
The amount of agricultural land in 1700 is regarded as 0% since it is unenclosed and owned by the state, crown or is wild land.
The amount of arable land in 1700 is regarded as 0% since it is unenclosed and owned by the state, crown or is wild land.
From 1700 to 1820 the land is enclosed and so becomes farming land and arable land under private ownership.
According to a study by J.M. Neeson, Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700–1820 (winner of the 1993 Whitfield Prize of the Royal Historical Society) enclosures occurring between 1750 and 1820 dispossessed former occupiers from some 30 percent of the agricultural land of England.
Source: https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/enclosure-acts-industrial-revolution/
The agricultural land area in 1820 is therefore taken as 30%.
The agricultural land area has increased from 1751 to 2016 by 82.3%.
The arable land area has increased from 1751 to 1875, then decreased until 1951 when it increased to 30.63% of the total land area.
Since 1951 the arable land area of the UK has decreased to 25.16% of the total land area.
The loss of arable land is against the increase trend in population over the 268 year time period.
The inference is that less land in the UK is capable of growing crop food for the population of the UK.
Source: http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN03339/SN03339.pdf
Source: https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/enclosure-acts-industrial-revolution/
Source: http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN03339/SN03339.pdf
Fossil Fuel Production and Consumption UK 1751 to 2018
Coal Production records existed for 162 years.
This includes total supply, consumption and shipments
Coal Production in 1853 was 582 Twh.
Coal Production peaked in 1913 at 1999.49 Twh.
Coal Production reached its lowest level in 2014 at 72.53 Twh.
Coal Consumption records existed for 164 years.
This includes total supply, consumption and shipments.
Coal Consumption in 1853 was 582 Twh.
Coal Consumption peaked in 1913 at 2377 Twh.
Coal Consumption reached its lowest level in 2016 at 146 Twh.
Oil Production records existed for 127 years.
This includes for all imports, exports, products.
Oil Production in 1890 was 0.0843 Twh.
Oil Production peaked in 1999 at 2484.06 Twh.
Oil production reached a negative Twh level in 1977.
Oil production reached its lowest level in 1974 at -1119.77 Twh.
Oil Consumption records existed for 52 years.
This includes for all imports, exports and products.
Oil Consumption in 1890 was 0 Twh.
Oil Consumption peaked in 1973 at 1321.36 Twh.
Oil Consumption reached its lowest level in 2014 at 812.07 Twh.
Gas Production records existed for 135 years.
This includes natural, town and methane gas.
Gas Production in 1882 was 7.6 Twh.
Gas Production peaked in 2014 at 1124.996 Twh.
Gas Production reached its lowest level in 1882 at 7.6 Twh.
Gas Consumption records existed for 58 years.
This includes natural, town and methane gas.
Gas Consumption in 1959 was 66.20 Twh.
Gas Consumption peaked in 2000 at 1260.65 Twh.
Gas Consumption reached its lowest level in 1961 at 66.088 Twh.
Source: Historical Coal Data: Coal Availability and Consumption, 1853 to 20161Department of Business Energy and Strategy
Includes total supply, consumption and shipments
Source: Crude oil and petroleum products: production, imports and exports 1890 to 2016 Department of Business Energy and Strategy
Includes for all imports , exports, products.
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/historical-Gas-data-Gas-production-availability-and-consumption-1853-to-2011
Source: Historical Gas Data: Gas Availability and Consumption, 1853 to 20161 Department of Business Energy and Strategy
Source: Historical gas data: gas production and consumption 1882 to 2016 Department of Business Energy and Strategy
Includes town gas and methane
Source: https://www.iea.org/statistics/resources/unitconverter/ for Mtoe to Twh
Cumulative-Co-Emissions UK 1751 To 2014
In the UK from 1751 to 2014 there has been a cumulative increase in CO2 emissions.
The emissions have increased from 9.36584 in 1751 to 75237.98371 in 2014. A 99% cumulative increase.
The cumulative emissions increase from 1751 to 2014 per capita is 0.113923 tonnes to 116.473323 tonnes.
This is a cumulative increase per capita of 116.36 tonnes over 264 years.
This is an increase per year of 0.44 tonnes of cumulative CO2 emissions per capita per year.
This is a percentage increase per capita of 99%.
Annual-Co2-Emissions-Per-Country UK 1751 To 2016
In the UK over 266 years from 1751 to 2016.
There is a net increase in CO2 emissions of 3092.3330 million tonnes.
There are 77 years of decrease in CO2 emissions.
There are 188 years of increase in CO2 emissions.
The percentage of years of increase in emissions to total years is 71%.
Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-Coe-by-Gas UK 1960 to 2013
Definitions of Greenhouse Gases.
SHF, Sulphur HexaFluorides gases, PFC, Per fluoro Carbons gases, HFC, Hydro Fluro Carbon gases, N20, Nitrous oxide, CH4, Methane and CO2, Carbon Dioxide.
In the UK between 1960 and 2013 greenhouse gas emissions in order from largest to smallest with source.
Carbon Dioxide. Fossil Fuel Use, Land Use, Production
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/carbon-dioxide-emissions
Methane. Fossil fuels, livestock farming, landfills and waste, biomass burning, rice production, biofuels.
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/methane-emissions
Nitrous Oxide. Agriculture, (Food, water production), fossil fuels, biomass burning, atmosphere deposition, human sewage.
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/nitrous-oxide-emissions
HFC's. Refrigeration and air-conditioning, foams, aerosols, fire protection, solvents.
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/fluorinated-gas-emissions
PFC's. Production processes of aluminium and semiconductors.
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/fluorinated-gas-emissions
SHF's. Transmission and distribution of electricity. Electric power industry as an insulator and arc interrupter.
Source: https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/fluorinated-gas-emissions
The UK will have to evolve its economy and society to allow for all of the above to be reduced to allow the UK to achieve its emissions targets by 2050.
This will be an ongoing process up until the end of the century as emissions are restricted to ensure the local economy and society survive in a global renewable, low greenhouse gas emission world.
Production-vs-Consumption-Co2-Emissions UK 1751 To 2016
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 the following data can be obtained.
Consumption of CO2 based emissions
There is a net number of 26 years of consumption.
There is a net number of 12 years of increase in consumption.
There is a net number of 14 years of decrease in consumption.
The percentage of years of increase to the total years is 46%.
The percentage of years of decrease to the total years is 54%.
Production of CO2 based emissions
There is a net number of 266 years of production.
There is a net number of 188 years of increase in production.
There is a net number of 77 years of decrease in production.
The percentage of years of increase to the total years is 71%.
The percentage of years of decrease to the total years is 29%.
The trend in CO2 based emissions in the UK has been for production emissions to increase from 1751 to 2016. The peak emission production is in 1971.
There are more years of production emissions than consumption emissions from 1751 to 2016.
The increase in production emissions is from 9.36584 million tons in 1751 to 660.32 million tons in 1971. An increase of 99%.
This increase can be related to the changes from a pre-industrial society to industrial society from 1760 to 1840.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution
From 1760 to 1840 the UK moved from hand-made production to machine production in factories. Gas, oil and gas replaced biomass and waste as the main sources of energy.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
From 1752 to 1830 there are no decreases in CO2 emissions from production only increases.
From 1830 decreases in CO2 emissions from production occur but remain secondary to increases in CO2 emissions from production
From 1990 consumption based emissions occur. There are more decreases in consumption emissions than increases.
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 there are more years of production based CO2 emissions than consumption based CO2 emissions.
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 the major output of CO2 emissions has been generated by production.
The consumerist economy of the UK is not based on what people purchase and consume it is based on the finances available to generate mass production even when the goods are not needed at the volume they are produced.
The UK has been creating an environment, resource and energy wasting economy from 1751 to 2016.
The UK must reverse its increase in production of CO2 emissions by reducing its use of environment, resources and energy.
This will reduce available goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita.
These changes must occur before 2050 to achieve the emissions targets and assist in controlling global temperature rise to within or at maximum 2 deg C by the end of the century.
Carbon-Emission-Intensity-of-Economies UK 1990 To 2013
In the UK from 1990 to 2013 the following data can be obtained.
There is a total number of years of emissions of 24.
There is a net number of 21 years of decrease in emissions.
There is a net number of years of 3 years of increase in emissions.
The percentage of years of increase to total years is 14%.
The UK purchasing Power Parity is dominated from 1990 by decreases in CO2 emissions.
The population of the UK have had less purchasing power in relative US$ from 1990.
This has gradually reduced available goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita.
The UK must reverse its increase in production of CO2 emissions by reducing its use of environment, resources and energy.
This will further reduce available goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita.
These changes must occur before 2050 to achieve the emissions targets and assist in controlling global temperature rise to within or at maximum 2 deg C by the end of the century.
Purchasing Power Parity. There are two ways to measure GDP (total income of a country) of different countries and compare them. One way, called GDP at exchange rate, is when the currencies of all countries are converted into USD (United States Dollar). The second way is GDP (PPP) or GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is measured by finding the values (in USD) of a basket of consumer goods that are present in each country (such as orange juice, pencils, etc.). If that basket costs $100 in the US and $200 in the United Kingdom, then the purchasing power parity exchange rate is 1:2.
Source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_Power_Parity
Co2-Emissions-in-Imported-Goods-as-a-Share-of-Domestic-Emissions UK 1990 To 2014
There is a net increase over 25 years in CO2 emissions. 64.6100 million tonnes
There are 15 of decrease in emissions.
There are 9 years of increase in emissions.
The percentage of years of increase to the total years is 60%.
There has been a net increase over 25 years from 1990 to 2014 in the CO2 traded as a percentage of domestic emissions production.
The trend over 25 years from 1990 to 2014 is for emissions to increase.
Global-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-by-Sector UK 1961 to 2014
In the UK between 1961 and 2014 greenhouse gas emissions per sectors in order from largest to smallest.
Energy, Agriculture, Transport, Residential and Commercial, Waste, Industry, Land Use, Other Sources and Forestry.
The UK will have to evolve its energy and agriculture sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its emissions targets by 2050.
This will be an ongoing process up until the end of the century as emissions are restricted to ensure the local economy and society survive in a global renewable, low greenhouse gas emission world.
Global-Carbon-Dioxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Co2 UK 1990 to 2010
In the UK between 1990 and 2010 greenhouse gas emissions sectors in order from largest to smallest.
Energy, Transport, Residential and Commercial, Industry, Waste, Agriculture, Land Use and Forestry.
The UK will have to evolve its energy, transport, residential and commercial and waste sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its Carbon Dioxide emissions targets by 2050.
This will be an ongoing process up until the end of the century as emissions are restricted to ensure the local economy and society survive in a global renewable, low greenhouse gas emission world.
Nitrous-Oxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe UK 1961 to 2014
In the UK between 1961 and 2014 nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emissions sectors in order from largest to smallest.
Agriculture, Industry, Other Sources, Energy, Waste, Residential and Commercial, Transport and Land Use.
The UK will have to evolve its agriculture and industry sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its Nitrous Oxide emissions targets by 2050.
This will be an ongoing process up until the end of the century as emissions are restricted to ensure the local economy and society survive in a global renewable, low greenhouse gas emission world.
Methane-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe UK 1961 to 2014
In the UK between 1961 and 2014 methane greenhouse gas emissions sectors in order from largest to smallest.
Agriculture, Energy, Residential and Commercial, Industry and Land Use.
The UK will have to evolve its agriculture and energy sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its methane emissions targets by 2050.
This will be an ongoing process up until the end of the century as emissions are restricted to ensure the local economy and society survive in a global renewable, low greenhouse gas emission world.
Conclusions
Population
The data for population indicates an increasing population in the UK as a driving component in the nature of the UK since 1751.
More people require more environment, resources and energy to survive. This requires technological evolution. This produces higher emissions of Greenhouse Gases.
Land Use
The UK population has migrated from rural to urban areas since 1751.
Population Density
The density of the UK population has increased since 1751.
Agricultural Land and Arable Land
The agricultural land of the UK has evolved from a natural random landscape to an enclosed artificial productive form since 1751.
The natural soil has been deliberately engineered through the use of natural and chemical fertilizers to be productive beyond seasonal constraints.
Animals have been introduced and selectively bred to produce more food for an increasing population all year round.
Technology; through the increasing use of fossil rather than bio fuels has assisted the development of farming to allow the existing land to feed an increasing population.
Fossil Fuel Production and Consumption UK 1751 to 2018
In relation to fossil fuel use in the UK.
Gas Production and Consumption in the UK is declining.
Oil Production and Consumption in the UK is declining.
Gas Production and Consumption in the UK has been increasing.
Cumulative-Co-Emissions UK 1751 To 2014 and Annual-Co2-Emissions-Per-Country UK 1751 To 2016
From 1751 to 2014 there has been a cumulative increase in CO2 emissions in the UK
In the UK over 266 years from 1751 to 2016 there is a net increase in annual CO2 emissions.
In relation to Climate Change Act 2008 Emissions Targets.
To get to the Climate Act 2008 emissions levels of 34% below 1990 levels by 2020 requires 1990 emissions of 595.3 million tons CO2 less 34%. 202.402 million tons of CO2 to be removed.
To achieve a new level of emissions by 2020 of 595.3 - 202.402 = 392.898 million tons of CO2 emissions to be removed.
To get to the Climate Act 2008 emissions levels of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 requires 1990 emissions of 595.3 million tons CO2 less 80%. 476.24 million tons of CO2 to be removed.
To achieve a new level of emissions by 2050 of 595.3 - 476.24 = 119.06 million tons of CO2 emissions to be removed.
The UK CO2 emissions level in 2016 is 389.4 million tons of CO2.
This is already below the level of emissions required for 2020.
The UK has to reduce this by 389.4 - 119.06. 270.34 million tons to achieve the 2050 emissions targets. This is a reduction of 70% on current emissions of CO2.
In relation to UK Fossil Fuel Use
Since the main emitters of greenhouse gases are fossil fuels then the reduction in emissions necessitates a reduction in fossil fuels.
The UK currently uses 55.6% of fossil fuels to generate its electricity in 2017
Source: CIA World Factbook
The UK must therefore reduce emissions beyond that it currently uses to generate electricity.
All of the UK fossil fuel energy production must cease. Then s further reduction in emissions of 14.4% must be found possibly from agriculture or industry in the use of Carbon products.
In relation to the UK Electricity generation from fossil fuels.
The UK installed generating capacity is 94.64 million kw
55.6% of this is from fossil fuels 52.62 million kw.
Source: CIA World Factbook
The revised UK generating capacity without fossil fuels is 42.02 million kw.
In relation to the UK Electricity Generation to Production Ratio
94.64 million kw produces 309.8 billion kwh. This is a 1 to 3273 ratio.
42.02 million kw would in this ratio produce 137.5 billion kwh.
For a population in 2017 this would allow a consumption per capita of
137,500,000,000 / 66,181,585 = 2077 kwh / year .
The current UK house operates on approx. 4500 kwh per year.
In relation to the UK Electricity Generation to Consumption with Fossil Fuels.
In terms of consumption of electricity in 2017.
The UK consumes 301.6 billion kWh per year in electricity.
301,600,000,000 / 66,181,585 = 4557 kwh /year / person.
In relation to the UK Electricity Generation by Renewable Energy Sources.
In terms of renewable energy currently available in 2017.
The UK generates 33.4% of its total installed generating capacity from renewable sources.
Source: CIA World Factbook
0.334 * 94.64 million kw = 31.6 million kwh.
At the same ratio for fossil fuels; even thought this is unlikely due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy; a direct comparison to establish energy consumption for only renewable energy sources can be established.
31.6 million kw would in this ratio produce 103.4 billion kwh.
For a population in 2017 this would allow a consumption per capita of
103,400,000,000 / 66,181,585 = 1562 kwh / year / person.
The data indicates a future energy poverty will exist within the UK population from 2020 onwards.
The data indicates that the existing housing stock is inadequate in terms of assisting controlling emissions of greenhouse gases if the emissions levels are reduced to the 2050 required levels.
The data indicates that the UK population will have to initially exist and then reduce from an energy level equivalent to 2017 production and consumption levels in 2050.
The data indicates that the UK economy and society will need to be completely rebuilt to use renewable energy and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases at between 34% and 51% of its current energy generation level.
(2077 / 4557 * 100 = 51% or 1562 / 4557 *100 = 34% )
Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-Coe-by-Gas UK 1960 to 2013
In the UK between 1960 and 2013 greenhouse gas emissions in order from largest to smallest with the source of each gas were.
Carbon Dioxide. Source: Fossil Fuel Use, Land Use, Production
Methane. Source: Fossil fuels, livestock farming, landfills and waste, biomass burning, rice production, biofuels.
Nitrous Oxide. Source: Agriculture, (Food, water production), fossil fuels, biomass burning, atmosphere deposition, human sewage.
HFC's. Source: Refrigeration and air-conditioning, foams, aerosols, fire protection, solvents.
PFC's. Source: Production processes of aluminium and semiconductors.
SHF's. Source: Transmission and distribution of electricity. Used in the electricity power industry as an insulator and arc interrupter.
The UK will have to evolve its economy and society to allow for the reduction in use of all of the above to allow the UK to achieve its emissions targets by 2050.
Production-vs-Consumption-Co2-Emissions UK 1751 To 2016
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 the trend in CO2 based emissions has been for production emissions to increase from 1751 to 2016. The peak emission production is in 1971.
There are more years of production emissions than consumption emissions from 1751 to 2016 in the UK
The increase in production emissions is 99%.
This increase can be related to the changes from 1760 to 1840 when the UK moved from a pre-industrial society to industrial society. Hand-made production was replaced by mass; machine; production in factories. Coal, Oil and Gas replaced biomass and waste as the main sources of energy.
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 there are more years of production based CO2 emissions than consumption based CO2 emissions.
In the UK from 1751 to 2016 the major output of CO2 emissions has been generated by production.
The consumerist economy of the UK is evidently not based on what people need or purchase and then consume it is based purely on the finances available to generate mass production even when the goods are not needed at the volume they are produced.
The UK has been creating an environment, resource and energy wasting economy from 1751 to 2016.
The UK must reverse its increase in production of CO2 emissions by reducing its use of environment, resources and energy. This will reduce available goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita. These changes must occur before 2050 to achieve the emissions targets and assist in controlling global temperature rise to within or at maximum 2 deg C by the end of the century.
Carbon-Emission-Intensity-of-Economies UK 1990 To 2013
The data indicates that the population of the UK have had less purchasing power in relative US$ from 1990 onwards.
This has gradually reduced available goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita.
The UK must further reduce the availability of goods and services, transport in road, rail, air and sea, employment and available purchasing power per capita.
These changes must occur before 2050 to achieve the emissions targets and assist in controlling global temperature rise to within or at maximum 2 deg C by the end of the century.
Co2-Emissions-in-Imported-Goods-as-a-Share-of-Domestic-Emissions UK 1990 To 2014
There has been a net increase over 25 years from 1990 to 2014 in the CO2 traded as a percentage of domestic emissions production.
Global-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-by-Sector UK 1961 to 2014
The UK will have to evolve its energy and agriculture sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its emissions targets by 2050.
Global-Carbon-Dioxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Co2 UK 1990 to 2010
The UK will have to evolve its energy, transport, residential and commercial and waste sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its carbon dioxide emissions targets by 2050.
Nitrous-Oxide-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe UK 1961 to 2014
The UK will have to evolve its agriculture and industry sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its Nitrous Oxide emissions targets by 2050.
Methane-Emissions-by-Sector-Gg-Coe UK 1961 to 2014
The UK will have to evolve its agriculture and energy sectors first to evolve its economy and society to allow the UK to achieve its methane emissions targets by 2050.
The key sectors of the economy and society that must be evolved in relation to emissions are
Energy, agriculture, industry, residential, commercial, waste, transport.
The spreadsheet also indicates key dates in the Architecture of the Green-House-Gases of the UK.
Key among these are the Agricultural Revolution 1500 to 1850 and the Industrial Revolution 1760 to 1840. These form a period of 340 years of influence. This overlaps with the time period of 267 years examined in this essay. Of the 267 years examined the influence of the Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolutions covers. 37% of the total time. 37% of potential influence.
This is an examination of the Green-House-Gas Architecture of the UK from 1715 to 2018.
It will cause the UK to have an Architecture without manufacturing by the year 2050.
Additional References
Source: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Source: Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2018) - "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions".
Sources:
OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions' [Online Resource]
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Data: CO2 emissions (also by fuel type), and data on trace gas emissions, aerosols, the carbon cycle, the Full Global Carbon Budget (1959-2013), land use and more.
Geographical coverage: Global, regional, national, subnational (for some) and globally gridded (1°x1°; since 1751).
Time span: Since 1751
Available at: Online here.
CDIAC is the climate-change data and information analysis center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
The Historical Carbon Dioxide Record from the Vostok Ice Core is available here - it covers the period 417,160 - 2,342 years BP.
The Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Record from Mauna Loa is available here - it goes back to 1958.
The Clio Infra Project is also using CDIAC data. The data is available for download here.
T.A. Boden, G. Marland, and R.J. Andres. 2017. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions
Data: CO2 emissions by source
Geographical coverage: Global- by region
Time span: 1751-2013
Available at: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/overview
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Data: Global CO2 concentrations
Geographical coverage: Global
Time span: 1980-2016
Available at: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Science and Services
Data: Atmospheric and marine global temperatures and pressure data
Geographical coverage: UK-based and global
Time span: 1850-2017
Available at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/
Climate Tracker
Data: National, regional and global level analysis on progress on greenhouse gas mitigation and targets
Geographical coverage: Global, regional and national
Time span: 1990-2100 (projections)
Available at: http://climateactiontracker.org/global.html
World Resources Institute (WRI)
Data: National and global level GHG emissions, global temperature trends and climate change impacts
Geographical coverage: Global, regional and national
Time span: 1860-2015
Available at: http://www.wri.org/blog/2017/04/climate-science-explained-10-graphics
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
IPCC reports are produced periodically, and provide the most complete and comprehensive aggregation of our knowledge and understanding of climatic change, including emissions, temperature correlation, mitigation and adaptation potential. This analysis provides a long-term historical outlook and covers data at both a national, regional and global level. IPCC publications and datasets are available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/
Sources:
Source: https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels
Source: Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2017) - "Fossil Fuels". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels' [Online Resource]
BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Data: BP publishes data on Oil, Gas Gas, Nuclear Energy, Hydroelectricity, Renewables, Primary Energy Consumption, Electricity Generation, Carbon Doixide Emissions
Geographical coverage: Global – by country and region
Time span: Annual data since 1951
Available at: Online at www.BP.com
The Shift Project (TSP)
Data: Historical Energy Consumption Statistics and Historical Energy Production Statistics
Geographical coverage: Global – by country and world region
Time span: Since 1900
Available at: Both datasets are online at www.tsp-data-portal.org.
IEA – International Energy Agency
Data: Data on electricity, oil, gas, Gas and renewables. Data on CO2 emissions (also projections)
Geographical coverage: Global – by country
Time span: Last decades
Available at: Online at www.iea.org
The IEA is publishing the World Energy Outlook.
You have to pay to access the IEA databases. But some data is available through Gapminder, for example Residential Energy Use (%). (for few countries since 1960, for more countries since 1971 or 1981)
Energy Information Administration
Data: Total and crude oil production, oil consumption, natural gas production and consumption, Gas production and consumption, electricity generation and consumption, primary energy, energy intensity, CO2 emissions and imports and exports for all fuels
Geographical coverage: Global – by country
Time span: Annual data since 1980
Available at: Online at ww.eia.gov
EIA is a US government agency.
World Development Indicators – World Bank
Geographical coverage: Global – by country and world region
Time span: Last decades
Data: Energy use (kt of oil equivalent) – Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) – Energy production (kt of oil equivalent)
Many more related indicators.
Eurostat
Data: Production & consumption of energy.
Geographical coverage: Europe
Time span:
Data on: Energy production and imports – Consumption of energy – Electricity production, consumption and markets.
Ian K Whittaker
Websites:
https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles
Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com
06/03/2018
14/10/2020
5289 words over 11 pages
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