Human Passive Energy Systems Photosynthesis to Leaf Fall
If energy, resources and environment are depleting then what are the passive energy systems that Humans can use to survive up to 2050.
This is the analysis that covers the passive energy systems of Photosynthesis to Leaf Fall.
Plant photosynthesis
The chemical equation for plant Photosynthesis indicates that the leaves are acting as cells act in an animal or human creating the chemical interchange.
This can be written as
Electromagnetic Energy = Photosynthesis = Chemical Energy
A chemical equation states the form of the reaction but not the actual amount of the reaction in each leaf since this varies by surface area and chemical composition of each leaf.
Chemical equations are therefore estimates unless they are used with actual laboratory analysis of the subject being measured.
Therefore for this analysis the Photosynthesis process can also be expressed in a generic chemical formula of
6 moles of carbon dioxide + 6 moles of water gives glucose + 6 moles of oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6O2(g)
This process can also be expressed as energy input.
Energy from the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose where 1 mole of glucose
= 180.15588 grams
= 2870 kJ/mole at 25 deg C
= 0.79 kwh/mole of glucose input
= 1 wh per 0.288 gram of glucose
= 3.47 wh per gram of glucose
This allows a passive energy input level per gram of the energy substance being used to be established. This can be the first passive potential energy gain for humans without doing anything.
The Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans is therefore.
= 3.47wh per gram of glucose
Plant respiration
Having taken in the passive energy the plants use it to produce energy.
This can be written as
6 moles of oxygen + glucose gives 6 moles of carbon dioxide + 6 moles of water
6O2 + C6H12O6 gives 6CO2 + 6H2O
This process can also be expressed as energy input and output.
Energy from the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose
= 3.47 wh per gram of glucose
The plant then recycles this energy to repair the plant and allow for growth
ADP to ATP
Glucose + 2 moles of ATP + 2 moles of ADP + 2 moles of NAD + 2 moles of NADH + 4 moles of ATP + 2 moles of lactic acid
C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2ADP + 2NAD+ 2NADH + 4ATP + 2 CH3-CHOH-COOH
ADP to ATP Energy Recycled
2 - recycled (3 moles of ADP + NADH NAD + 3 moles of ATP
2[3ADP + NADH NAD+ + 3ATP]
2 - recycled (lactic acid + 6 moles of carbon dioxide + 15 moles of ADP gives 3 moles of carbon dioxide + 3 moles of water + 15 moles of ATP)
2[CH3-CHOH-COOH + 6O2 + 15ADP 3CO2 + 3H2O + 15ATP].
Atomic Mass Process
Atomic mass input of 480 moles less Atomic mass output of 432 moles = 38 atomic mass chemical energy moles of ADP
6 x CO2
C = 12
O2 = 16 + 16 = 32 = 44 x 6 = 254 6 moles of carbon dioxide
+ +
12 x H2O
H2 = 1+1=2
O = 16 =18 x 12 = 216 12 moles of water
+
Light Energy Light Energy Light Energy Light Energy
= 470 atomic mass input
= = = = 38 atomic mass into
energy 38 molesof ADP
into 38 moles of ATP
= 432 atomic mass output
C6 = 12 + 12 +12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 72 glucose
H12 = 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 12
O6 = 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 96
=132
+ +
6 x O2
O2 = 16 + 16 = 32 = 32 x 6 = 192 6 moles of oxygen
+ +
6 x H2O
H2 = 1 +1=2 = 18 x 6 = 108 6 moles of water
O = 16
ADP to ATP Chemical Energy
6 moles of carbon dioxide + glucose + 38 moles of ADP gives 38 moles of ATP + 6 moles of carbon dioxide + 6 moles of water
6O2 + C6H12O6 + 38ADP 38ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O.
38 moles of ADP gives 38 moles of ATP
38 (75.52) = 2870 gives 38 (30.54)
Energy from the moles of ADP to ATP
= 1160.5 kJ / mole
= 0.000000278 x 1160500 J
= 0.32 kwh/mole of glucose output
= 1 wh per 0.563 grams of glucose
= 1.77 wh per gram of glucose
The Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans is therefore
= 1.77wh per gram of glucose
Leaf Fall and Reuse as Bio-Fuel
The final stage of energy transfer to leaf fall state and reuse as compressed leaf fuel products can be calculated as.
Allowing for a compressed leaf form of dimensions of approx. 75mm x 225mm with a weight of 1.1 kg per compressed leaf form and an energy output of 27,840 kJ of energy
= 7.7kwh per compressed leaf form
= 7 wh per g or per leaf
Due to the dry, compressed, higher energy density of the leaf matter the leaf appears to have gained energy but it has only gained density and so mass and therefore a greater energy potential.
The third Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans is therefore.
= 7 wh per gram of glucose
Allowing for each leaf to weigh a gram
= 7 wh per g or per leaf
Allowing for one deciduous tree shedding 50,000 leaves
Allowing for 1000 leaves per compressed leaf form
= 50 compressed leaf forms available per tree
= 7 x 50,000
= 350,000 wh from 50,000 grams of glucose per tree
The fourth Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans is therefore
= 350,000 wh per tree
Comparing to other fuel products as energy output
Allowing for 1000 kg per metric ton and 1.1 kg per compressed leaf form.
= 1000 compressed leaf form per ton = 20 trees worth of leaves
= 7.7 kwh per compressed leaf form
= 7700 kwh per metric ton of compressed leaf form
= 7,700,000 wh per metric ton
Comparing to wood
= 5300 kwh in a metric ton
= 5,300,000 wh per ton of wood
However this can be collected off less than 20 trees
Compared to short rotation coppice
= 3084 kwh in a metric ton
= 3,084,000 wh per ton of short rotation coppice
However this can be collected off an area of approx. 1250m2
The fifth Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans is therefore.
= 7,700,000 wh per metric ton
Animal and Human
The process of using glucose as an energy source is used by animals and humans. This part of the process is less efficient than the plant photosynthesis process since the animals and humans have to eat the food containing the glucose to extract it and use it.
Energy from Photosynthesis to Leaf Fall Total
Total Potential Passive Energy Gain for humans
= 8,050,012.24 wh
Energy in stages from Photosynthesis to Leaf Fall
Energy in each stage and efficiency can also be analysed.
= 3.47 wh per gram of glucose input
= 1.77 wh per gram of glucose output to repair the plant and allow for growth energy from the moles of ADP to ATP
= 51% energy use from the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose
= 7 wh per gram output of dried leaf matter in a higher density state, greater mass, greater potential mass to energy transfer, plus an energy increase from a binder material.
= 202 % increase in energy potential from original leaf material.
Conclusion
This increase in energy potential suggest that humans should learn from the plant photosynthesis stage and extract the energy direct from the photosynthesis process as food energy for themselves. Once collected humans should then allow the material used to obtain the energy, the ‘leaf’ to fall off them or be absorbed directly into their energy system.
This however has not yet been developed as a technology.
A hybrid description would be to create a molecular interface around the human that is made of a photosynthetic glucose that they could ingest via the pores of the skin or where needed via the mouth.
This interface would take the form of a second skin material. Not clothing. Rather an envelope covering or possibly even applied as a lotion or cream.
Ian K Whittaker
Websites:
https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles
Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com
15/11/2013
14/10/2020
1425 words over 4 pages