The Creation of Thought
This essay establishes information to define a human thought by following the path taken by energy from the environment through the human visual system.
Exo-vironment.
This takes the sequence of star, light, visible light.
Endo-vironment
This takes the sequence of visible light, Cornea, refraction, Iris, Pupil, lens, refraction, focusing, Retina.
This is the location of the processing of the environmental input.
The beginning of the thought.
Cones and receptors on the Retina pass the frequency and wavelength energy to Dendrites around the nerve cell nucleus.
The electrical impulses then pass to an extension of each Dendrites called the Axon.
The Axon is permeable to sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) by passing them through an electrochemical ‘pump’ formed of sodium and potassium ions called Adenosine Triphosphatase
Na-K ATPase. This creates a flow off sodium ions (Na+) through the nerve cell membrane and potassium (K+) ions out of the nerve cell membrane. This causes a difference in electrical potential of the inside and the outside of the nerve cell membrane. This pumping action moves between depolarization rest and hyperpolarization and 2 milliseconds rest. This produces an electrical potential of -80mv to 65mv to transmit the electrical impulses from the environment and the eye along the Axon.
Neurons connect to neurons by temporary Axon to Dendrite connection using neurotransmitters across a 20 nanometre wide synapse, a gap.
Distribution
The neuron to neuron transfer continues through each part of the brain further splitting up the original input energy to allow distinct areas of the brain to examine it.
The Optic Nerve sensory neurons separate off information on perception of brightness, red, green colour perception, contrast.
The Optic Chiasm sensory neurons combine monocular perception from each eye into binocular and stereoscopic perception.
The Midbrain sensory neurons pass information to the Hypothalamus which controls autonomous nerve functions including the optical resolution and movement of the Pupil.
The Thalamus sensory neurons send digital signals that are compared to others relating to previous levels of alertness, consciousness and sleep.
The Optic Tracts balances out the digital information to each lobe of the brain by carrying signals from opposing hemispheres of the brain.
The Lateral Geniculate nucleus connects into the visual cortex in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum, the rear lobe area of the human brain.
This whole process takes between 300 to 700 milliseconds to complete.
Analysis
An analysis of the Energy, Mass Equivalence, Nature, Speed and Ratios at each stage of the vision process can be undertaken.
Exo-vironment Analysis.
Energy
The light entering the human eye is made up of the following, colours, wavelengths, frequencies and photon energy. These are related in the following table.
Color Wavelength Frequency Photon energy
violet 380–450 nm 668–789 THz 2.75–3.26 eV
blue 450–495 nm 606–668 THz 2.50–2.75 eV
green 495–570 nm 526–606 THz 2.17–2.50 eV
yellow 570–590 nm 508–526 THz 2.10–2.17 eV
orange 590–620 nm 484–508 THz 2.00–2.10 eV
red 620–750 nm 400–484 THz 1.65–2.00 eV
Source: Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. N. Svoronos. CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts. CRC Press, 2005. and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum
The total photon energy entering the eye can be calculated as
= 14.78 electron volts (ev) = 0.00000000000000000000006577828038 wh
= 14.78 total ev of white light
Mass Equivalence
Allowing for the mass equivalent of 1 ev as 1.783×10−36 kg
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt#Mass
= 14.78 x 1.783×10−36
= 2.635274 x 10-35 kg is the total mass equivalence for total ev of light entering the human eye.
= 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000263 kg.
Nature
The environmental input to human vision uses one of the fundamental forces of the universe, electromagnetic energy.
Speed
= 299,792,458 m/sec, 299,792 km/sec, the speed of light in a vacuum.
Endo-vironment Analysis
Energy
Allowing for a potential electrical difference through the membrane of a neuron.
= 0.00000000000000000008ev to 0.0000000000000000000649ev (-80mv to 65mv).
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential
Source: http://www.convertunits.com/from/millivolt/to/ev
= 0.000000000000000000144ev total electrical potential difference.
Mass Equivalence
Allowing for the mass equivalent of 1 ev as 1.783×10−36 kg
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt#Mass
= 0.000000000000000000144ev x 1.783×10−36
= 2.56752 x 10-55 kg
= 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000257 kg
Nature
The input is electromagnetic energy. This is transmuted into electrochemical energy within the human neurons.
Speed
The light travels across 24mm of distance across the inside of the human eye.
= 299,792,458 m/sec, 299,792 km/sec
= 0.00000008005538280000001 milliseconds.
= 0.0000000000800553828 seconds.
Ratios
The ratio of Exo-vironment Mass equivalence to Endo-vironment Mass equivalence is 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000263 kg
to
0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000257 kg
= 1 to 1.02 × 10-90 kg
Therefore the external environment input and the internal human sensory organism reaction are proportional but on an extremely large scale.
Information Level
The retina has 126,000,000 light sensitive cells per sq inch (650 sq mm)
Of this 125,000,000 rod cells are used to take in information on black and white as energy.
Of this 1,000,000 cone cells are used to take in information on colour as energy.
There are also ganglion cells that are linked to circadian rhythms and pupil reflex actions.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell
The human eye is therefore biased in favour of black and white image information.
The information through the retina is 126,000,000 cells per sq inch (650 sq mm).
This is approx. equivalent to 50,000,000 pixels of information.
Source: http://www.endmemo.com/sconvert/dpipixel_cm.php
The human eye is therefore equivalent to a 50 Mega Pixel Camera in terms of information input into the brain in 5 milliseconds.
Each pixel has the information level of 3 colours; Red, Green and Blue; combined in a digital grid.
Each colour is potentially 0 to 255 bytes of information.
A pixel is a combination of all three colours.
Each pixel can store 256 x 256 x 256, approx. 17,000,000 bytes or values of information.
For a 50,000,000 pixels of input information this sums up to.
= 50,000,000 pixels x 17,000,000 bytes.
= 850,000,000,000,000 bytes of information in 5 milliseconds.
= A single text character in an alphabet is 1 byte.
= 778,820,735,650 pages of plain text
= 3,894,103,300 200 page books
= 1,371,050 CD’s
= 198,050 DVD’s
= 34,000 Blu ray discs
Source: http://www.computerhope.com/issues/chspace.htm
Distribution Analysis
Allowing for the total number of neurons in the human brain as 86,000,000,000 to 100,000,000,000.
Allowing for the total number of synapse connections in the human brain as 100,000,000,000,000.
Source: Williams RW, Herrup K (1988). "The control of neuron number". Annual Review of Neuroscience 11 (1): 423–53.
Source: Azevedo FA, Carvalho LR, Grinberg LT et al. (April 2009). "Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology 513 (5): 532–41.
Source: Herculano-Houzel The human brain in numbers Frontiers in Human Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org November 2009 | Volume 3 | Article 31 | 10
Energy
Allowing for the total energy transfer in electron volts (ev) as the energy level of a human thought passing through the human brain over 300 to 700 milliseconds.
= 0.000000000000000000144ev x 100,000,000,000,000 total number of connections.
= 0.0000144 ev total energy.
Mass Equivalence
Allowing for the mass equivalent of 1 ev as 1.783×10−36 kg
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt#Mass
= 0.0000144 x 1.783×10−36 kg
= 2.56752 x 10-41 kg is the total mass energy equivalence of a human thought in the brain.
= 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000256752 kg
Mass Equivalence as Atomic Mass Units
Allowing for the total neuron electron volts (ev), as mass equivalence, in the human brain to be compared to subatomic particle atomic mass units (amu) to get an amu scale for a human thought.
= 0.0000144 ev total energy.
= 2.567520001e-41 kg of a human thought through the whole brain
= 0.0000000000000154619563 amu (atomic mass units) of a human thought through the whole brain.
As a comparison with particles.
Allowing 1 amu as equivalent to 931 MeV
AMU of a Muon neutrino = 0.000214 amu (0.2 MeV) = 3.553556028*10-31 kg
AMU of electron = 0.00054858 amu = 9.10940*10-31 kg
AMU of neutron = 1.008665 amu = 1.67495*10-27 kg
AMU of proton = 1.007277 amu = 1.6726*10-27 kg
Source: http://spacemath.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/6Page85.pdf
Source: https://www.chem.tamu.edu/academics/fyp/educator_resources/isotopes_introduction.php
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon
Muon Neutrino to Thought = 0.000214 : 0.0000000000000154619563 = 1 to 13,840,421,991
Electron to Thought = 0.00054858 : 0.0000000000000154619563 = 1 to 35,479,339,700
Neutron to Thought = 1.008665 : 0.0000000000000154619563 = 1 to 65,235,277,000,000
Proton to Thought = 1.007277 : 0.0000000000000154619563 = 1 to 65,145,508,000,000
A Human thought can be expressed as smaller than a muon neutrino by some 13.8 billion times in amu units.
Nature
The energy is distributed as electrochemical energy.
Speed
The speed of human thought through the whole brain is 300 to 700 milliseconds.
Allowing for a neuron in the brain to be 0.004 mm to 0.1mm then the thought could travel approx.
= 0.004 mm x 100,000,000,000 neurons = 400 km.
= 0.1mm x 100,000,000,000 neurons = 10,000 km.
= 400 / 0.3 seconds.
= 1,333 km/ sec.
= 0.4% of the speed of light.
= 400 / 0.7 seconds
= 571 km/ sec.
= 0.19% of the speed of light
= 10,000 / 0.3 seconds.
= 33,3333 km / sec.
= 11% of the speed of light.
= 10,000 / 0.7 seconds.
= 14,285 km / sec.
= 5% of the speed of light.
Therefore the speed of a thought through the whole brain is between 0.19% to 11% of the speed of light.
Ratios
The ratio of Endo-vironment Mass equivalence to total Endo-vironment Mass equivalence is
to
0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000257 kg
to
0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000256752 kg
= 1 to 1 x 10-96
Therefore the internal human sensory organism reaction to the total neuron reaction are proportional but on an extremely large scale.
If each human thought travels in the brain between 400km to 10,000 km then a size comparison could be made to a classical mechanical object.
400 km is equal to the journey from London, UK to Paris, France.
10,000 km is equal to the distance from London, UK to Hong Kong, China.
Firing Patterns as Groups.
Since the sense of vision does not operate in isolation from the other human senses it is possible to examine the sensory input as part of a group neuron firing effect in the whole brain.
If the probability of 1 neuron firing is 1 in 100,000,000,000 and the firing rate of 1 neuron is approx. 5 milliseconds then the firing of all the neurons as individual links would take
= 100,000,000,000 x 5 milliseconds.
= 500,000,000,000 milliseconds.
If the actual time the brain takes to complete a thought is 300 to 700 milliseconds then the difference in time suggests that there must be multiple neuron firings in 300 to 700 milliseconds.
The number of multiple groups can be estimated as
= 700 milliseconds / 5 milliseconds
= 140 groups of firings at a rate of 5 milliseconds in 700 milliseconds.
The number of neurons in each group can be estimated as
= 1 brain would contain 100,000,000,000 neurons / 140 groups
= approx. 714,285,714 neurons per group.
This can be further examined in terms of electron volts per group.
= For 1 neuron = 0.000000000000000000144ev
= For 100,000,000,000 neurons = 0.0000144 ev
= For 714,285,714 neurons = 0.000000000103 ev
Each group therefore accounts for approx. 140,000th of the total ev firing rate across the whole brain.
This can be further examined in terms of atomic mass units per group.
= 0.000000000103 ev
= 0.00000000000000000011 amu
= Each group firing therefore amounts to approx.140,000th of the total amu firing level across the brain.
Conclusions
The nature of human thought is electromagnetic transmuted into electrochemical energy.
The external environment input and the internal human sensory organism reaction are proportional but on an extremely large scale.
The internal human sensory organism reaction to the total neuron reaction are proportional but on an extremely large scale.
The input into the human brain to initiate human visual sense occurs at the speed of light and then
drops to between 0.19% and 11% of the speed of light.
The human eye is equivalent to a 126 Mega Pixel Camera in terms of information input into the brain.
The human eye takes in approx. 850,000,000,000,000 bytes of information in 5 milliseconds.
A scale for a human thought at an individual neuron level indicates can be expressed as being smaller than a muon neutrino by some 13.8 billion times in amu units.
The brain can also be estimated to operate in approx. 140 groups of approx. 714,285,714 neurons.
Each group can be estimated to fire at a rate equivalent to approx. 140,000th of the total ev firing rate across the whole brain and approx.140,000th of the total amu firing level across the brain.
The human eye does not sense things in the location they exist.
It senses through a time dilation effect due to the speed of light.
It senses in the past.
This allows humans to see into the past up to 13.32 billion years ago.
The refracting of the light by gravity also causes the location of objects to be distorted from their environmental location before the light from them enters the human eye.
The location of object is further distorted by refraction of light within the human eye.
Therefore humans do not see objects in their actual locations.
The total time for a human thought related to vision can be established as one of the following
13.32 billion light years or 0.00000008005538280000001 milliseconds or 300 to 700 milliseconds.
Since the other senses that humans use slower input than the speed of light the delay for other human senses would be greater and so the sensing of the past would increase.
The total energy involved in human thought related to vision can be established as one of the following
The total energy of the universe.
Zero.
or
The total energy of the sun. 3,728,499,400,000,000,000,000,000 kwh/sec.
or
The total photon energy of visible light can be regarded as 14.78 electron volts (ev)
or
The energy powering the human brain approx. 516 k cal / Day. 0.02 kwh to 0.6 kwh.
There is no one area of thought or storage in the human brain.
All of the brain is constantly used through input of the senses to form a complete electrochemical map of the universe and the persons relative location to it each nanosecond of their existence.
This continuous prompting is initiated by Exo-vironmental and Endo-vironmental motion.
This prompts a digital pattern recognition process by electrochemical mapping through activation of a neuron and then multiple activations of the neuron sequences to reinforce the chemical and electrical conductivity of the neuron network and so create a hierarchy of information energy entering a human.
This is ‘memory’ and ‘experience’ in human language.
Thought is an electromagnetic, electrochemical process of interaction, overlay and feedback.
There is no one part to the human brain.
Thought involves all environment input and brain processing.
This may be the method of understanding what humans consider ‘metaphor’ and ’analogy’.
The number of possible connections in the human brain exceeds the number of galaxies in the universe.
The human brain is therefore a miniature of the Exo-vironment of the universe and the Endo-vironment of the sub-atomic.
There is a continuous connection of energy from the external and internal environments, Exo and Endo, through the human brain.
There is no difference between the sensory input energy and the energy of thought.
There is only energy, transmutation into other energy forms.
The Exo-vironment and Endo-vironment and the human brain are therefore one set of finite spatial and time coordinates linking to another set of finite spatial and time coordinates becoming potential, probable, improbable or unknown relative events.
They are classical mechanical and quantum mechanical.
This nature is indicated in the scale of thought in atomic mass unit (amu) terms which is billions of times smaller than the muon neutrino amu at a singular level and also at multiple, proportional electron volts levels and atomic mass units at a group level.
Thought apparently causes a quantum change in energy, matter and so in the universe.
Thought is not a set of abstract language definitions. It is definable and can be explored using this information.
Ian K Whittaker
Websites:
https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles
Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com
09/04/2015
05/05/2015 extended and updated
03/08/2016
14/10/2020
2700 words over 7 pages