Designing Future Smart Cities
If the energy, resources and environment of the Earth are depleting and the population is increasing how can the use of smart data assist the continued evolution of human beings up to 2050
This is an examination of datasets that may assist in this endeavour.
Communications begin with sensory input then rationalization, then sensory output.
In our digital network they then expand out to create settlement then planet wide sensory lattices that have no beginning or end only constant input and output.
To establish fixed points of reference within the digital lattice is vital if clarity of understanding is to be maintained.
Dataset 001
The first step in using communications ecologically to benefit humans is to establish the size of the communications environment.
This is established in the following analysis for the Earth, then for Britain.
Earth
Total World Population: = 7,095,217,980 (July 2013 est.)
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Literate Population: = 84.1% = 5,967,078,321
Total Surface Area of the Earth: = 510.072 million sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Land Area of the Earth: = 148,940,000 sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Water Area of the Earth: = 361.132 million sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total land area urbanized = 3% of the Earths land surface
= 4,468,200 sq km
Source: http://www.livescience.com/6893-cities-cover-earth-realized.html and GRUMP data
Britain
Total Population of Britain: = 63,395,574 (July 2013 est.)
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Literate Population of Britain: = 99% = 62761618
Total Surface Area of Britain : = 243,610 sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Land Area of Britain: = 241,930 sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Total Water Area of Britain: = 1,680 sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
The population in Urban Areas in Britain = 37,025,717 (2011)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_
United_Kingdom#cite_note-BUA-3
The total area of urban areas in Britain = 8,787.85 sq km (2011)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_
United_Kingdom#cite_note-BUA-3
Dataset 002
The second step is to establish the number of the domestic digital communications equipment.
This is established in the following analysis for the Earth, then for Britain.
Earth Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: = 1.2 billion (2011)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 every 0.425 sq km (4250 m2) of surface area
= 1 every 0.124 sq km (1240 m2) of land area
= 1 per every 6 head of population
= 0.1 per every head of population
Telephones - mobile cellular: = 6 billion (2011)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 every 0.085 sq km (850 m2) of surface area
= 1 every 0.025 sq km (250 m2) of land area
= 1 per every head of population
Internet users: = 2.1 billion (2010)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 every 0.243 sq km (2430 m2) of surface area
= 1 every 0.071 sq km (710 m2) of land area
= 3 per every head of population
Total World Digital Communication
systems available to Population
Density = 7,095,217,980 (July 2013 est.)
= approx 4 per head of population
Britain Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: = 33.23 million (2011)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 per 2 head of population
Telephones - mobile cellular: = 81.612 million (2012)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 per head of population
Internet users: = 51.444 million (2009)
Source: CIA World Factbook = 1 per head of population
Total Britain Digital Communication
systems available to Population Density = 33,230,000 (2011)
= approx 3 per head of population
Dataset 003
The third step is to establish the number of the non-domestic, work use, digital communications equipment that may be used.
The number of radio sets used in Britain can be assessed from the numbers of people who have a radio communication system provided to each of them in order that they carry out their work.
This is established in the following analysis for Britain and then extrapolated out for the Earth.
Britain
The groups with Radio communications are
Police = 135,838
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16739311 26 January 2012
Taxis = 231,000
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/
department-for-transport/series/taxi-statistics
Fire and Rescue = 48,944
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
uploads/attachment_data/file/15228/2222551.pdf
Hospitals = 2,300
Source: http://www.nhsconfed.org/priorities/
political-engagement/Pages/NHS-statistics.aspx
Airports = 246
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_
United_Kingdom_and_the_British_Crown_Dependencies
Private Security = 330,000
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/nov/
20/private-security-companies-self-regulating 2012
Mobile Phone = 81,612,000
Source: CIA World Factbook 2013
Land Lines = 33,230,000
Source: CIA World Factbook 2013
Internet hosts = 8,107,000
Source: CIA World Factbook 2013
Total number of communications = 123,697,328
= 2 per head of population
Density of communications over all of Britain = 243,610 sq km / 123,697,328
1 communication system every = 0.00196 sq km (1960 sq metres)
As a comparison to a known area size.
1 football pitch sized area is 0.00714 sq km,7140 sq m
This would be enough to hold 3 to 4 radio communication points.
Density in only Urban areas of Britain = 8,787.85 sq km / 123,697,328
1 communication system every = 0.00007 sq km (70 sq m)
As a comparison to a known area size.
1 house footprint = 35sq m in a terrace
This indicates 1 radio communication point
every two houses.
Extrapolation for the Earth
Taking only the total Land Area of the Earth: = 148,940,000 sq km
Source: CIA World Factbook
Allowing a density of 1 communication
system every = 0.00196 sq km (1960 sq m)
Potential total number of communications = 75,989,795,918
= 11 per head of world population
Allowing a density of 1 communication
system every = 0.00007 sq km (70 sq m)
for the same percentage of urban areas to
total land areas as Britain approx 4%
extrapolated over the whole of the Earth land
surface. (3% from GRUMPS 2005)
Potential total number of communications = 2,127,714,285,714
= 300 per head of world population
This indicates that the Radio Communications density in Britain and the Earth is very high.
Given that in air, the speed of sound is approximately 344 meters per second (1130 feet per second (OSHA)) the distance are well within human hearing distance range and within human normal airborne and bone conduction sound hearing distances.
Dataset 004
The fourth step is to establish the number of non-domestic monitoring and tracking digital communications equipment.
This is established in the following analysis for Britain by listing each piece of equipment and then itemizing it as a ratio for the whole current population. This is then extrapolated out for the Earth.
Britain
Digital cellular network including, Monopoles
Macrostations and Cells
CCTV = 4,900,000 cctv cameras
= 0.07 per person
Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10172298/O ne-surveillance-camera-for-every-11-people-in-Britain-says-CCTV-survey.html
Smart phones and wi-fi = 30,900,000
= 0.5 per person
Source: http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Nearly-Half-of-UK-Consumers-Will-Use-Smartphones-This-Year/1009956
Tablet computers, Personal computers = 37% of 26,200,000 dwellings (2008)
= approx 10,000,000
= 0.15 per person
Source: ONS and http://www.statista.com/statistics/274845/number-of-computers-in-households-in-great-britain-since-2005/
Public computers and wi-fi = 43,365
Source: http://readingagency.org.uk/news/library-facts004/ = 0.0006 per head of population
Library cards and bar codes = 11,400,000
Source: http://readingagency.org.uk/news/library-facts004/ = 0.18 per head of population
Library books and bar codes = 11,400,000
Source: http://readingagency.org.uk/news/library-facts004/ = 0.18 per head of population
Television sets = 26,800,000
Source: Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board (BARB) = 0.4 per head of population
Commercial radio sets = 26,800,000
= 0.4 per head of population
Digital set top boxes = 26,800,000
= 0.4 per head of population
Freeview = 19,200,000
Source: Ofcom - Digital Television Update - 2012 = 0.3 per head of population
Satellite TV = 6,200,000
Source: Ofcom - Digital Television Update - 2012 = 0.09 per head of population
Cable = 2,500,000
Source: Ofcom - Digital Television Update - 2012 = 0.04 per head of population
Passport identity and code bars = 5,400,000
Source:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
uploads/attachment_data/file/210619/IPS_annual_
report_and_accounts_2012-13.pdf = 0.08 per head of population
Driving licenses and code bars = 35,800,000
Source:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
uploads/attachment_data/file/35584/nts0201.xls
= 0.6 per head of population
Travel ticket code bars = at lest 63,395,574
= 1 per head of population
Airports with associated check code bars = 60
Source :CAA = 0.0000009 per head of population
Satellite navigation / GPS codes and tags = 24,344,000
Source: http://cars.aol.co.uk/2012/11/02/
britons-depend-on-sat-navs/ = 0.4 per head of population
Credit cards and bar codes = 169,000,000
Source: http://www.theukcardsassociation.org.uk/
news/UKPlasticCards2013.asp = 2.6 per head of population
Clothing bar code tags = at lest 63,395,574
= 1 per head of population
Shop purchase receipt bar codes = at lest 63,395,574
= 1 per head of population
Personal Medical / DNA record tags = at lest 63,395,574
= 1 per head of population
Total non-domestic monitoring and tracking digital
communications equipment in Britain = 10 per head of population
Extrapolation for the Earth
Taking only the total population of the Earth: = 70,952,179,800
Total non-domestic monitoring and tracking digital
communications equipment n the Earth
Conclusion
The total World Population in 2013 is 7,095,217,980 people.
This population has access to
4 domestic digital communications pieces of equipment per head of population.
300 non-domestic, work use, digital communication pieces of equipment every 70 sq metres in urban areas per head of population.
11 non-domestic, work use, digital communication pieces of equipment every 1960 sq metres outside urban areas per head of population.
10 non-domestic monitoring and tracking digital communications equipment per head of population.
Total communications per head of Earth population = 325
The population of Britain in 2013 is 63,395,574 people.
This population has access to
3 domestic digital communications pieces of equipment per head of population.
2 non-domestic, work use, digital communication pieces of equipment per head of population.
1 non-domestic, work use, digital communication pieces of equipment every 70 sq metres in urban areas and 1960 sq metres outside urban areas per head of population.
Effectively 1 in every 2 houses in Britain.
10 non-domestic monitoring and tracking digital communications equipment per head of population.
Total communications per head of population of Britain = 16
Creating Smart Cities
The conclusion from the data presented is that the Earth population is in a very dense mobile and fixed wi-fi environment.
In order to create a smart city, town or settlement it may only be a matter of acknowledging this density exists. New technology, datasets, servers, power and communication systems may not be needed if the description of a smart city is the ability of its population to carry out whatever communications it needs at whatever time it decides to do so.
Therefore smart cities currently exist.
Data shaping of these cities is not needed since the data is already provided and linked and monitored by the population with varying conditions and densities for each city.
Evolution of the data capture system will be automatic as technology evolves and the population purchases it for themselves to capture, analyse and re-issue the data.
With such a dense communications lattice the issues of privacy and overhearing become apparent but these issues show themselves up as being unsolvable since the density of communications is constantly evolving and changing.
Since all sections of the population will be in open communication all of the time the belief in personal privacy will be constantly reduced.
Therefore the interrogation systems into this digital network available to the authorities and population should be total or not applied at all since they will evolve commercially to be part of the density of information being transferred.
Confidentiality can be maintained; not by coding which is expensive and open to increasing overhearing issues in a dense communications system; but by simply letting the data become out of date, defunct, useless and easily identified as having been obtained in error if it appears beyond the communications channels it is issued from.
Digitization, Coordination and development of designs from all of the data can be achieved far more easily in a totally open communications network since all data can be obtained and analysed at any time.
Storage of data should not be in a paper form since it is easily degraded.
All information, objects, materials, audio, visual records should be digitised.
Historic records and artefacts should be distributed throughout the country to reduce the potential of loss due to accidents.
Storage of data should not be in large hubs in each city. Data should be held by each individual to be produced as necessary to verify the queries of other members of the population and the authorities.
The authorities only need an overall data set collected constantly during each year and collated at the year end as a yearly record of the whole network to establish its status.
Data is therefore held only whilst current in any part of the network.
Cities are smart. They are the intelligence level of their populations and the technology they use to communicate.
Ian K Whittaker
Websites:
https://sites.google.com/site/architecturearticles
Email: iankwhittaker@gmail.com
11/11/2013
14/10/2020
2094 words over 6 pages