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KEY: Mark Tingay, 2010
ANATOMI SEMBURAN ‘LUSI’ DI JAWA TIMUR
Anatomy of the ‘Lusi’ Mud Eruption, East Java
Mark Tingay, 2010
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RIGKASAN
SUMMARY
Pada pagi hari tanggal 29 Mei 2006, lumpur panas (hot mud) mulai menyembur dari lahan persawahan di daerah yang padat penduduk di Kecamatan Porong, di Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.
Kecepatan semburan awalnya (initial flow rates) sekitar 5.000 m3/hari, lumpur dengan cepat telah menenggelamkan desa-desa yang berdekatan. Setelah mendekati empat tahun, semburan Lusi (‘Lusi’ eruption) telah memuntahkan lumpur lebih dari 73 juta m3 dengan kecepatan rata-rata mendekati 64.000 m3/hari dan kecepatan maksimum (maximum rates) 170.000 m3/hari.
Luapan lumpur telah menggenangi daerah seluas 700 hektar dan kedalaman lebih dari 25 meter, memporakporandakan lusinan desa dan menyebabkan sekitar 40.000 orang harus diungsikan. Sebagai tambahan dari daerah yang tergenang (inundated areas), daerah lainnya juga beresiko terhadap penurunan dan semburan dari gas (subsidence and distant eruptions of gas).
Namun, upaya untuk mengendalikan aliran lusi (to stem the mud flow) atau memantau evolusinya terhalang secara keseluruhan oleh tidak adanya pemahaman dan kesepakatan pada anatomi bawah permukaan dari sistem mud volcano Lusi (efforts to stem the mud flow or monitor its evolution are hampered by an overall lack of knowledge and consensus on the subsurface anatomy of the Lusi mud volcanic system).
Secara khusus, yang paling terbesar dan paling tidak ada kepastian adalah sumber dari air yang disemburkan yaitu serpih versus karbonat dalam (shales versus deep carbonates), jalan keluar dari aliran fluida antara sepenuhnya melalui rekahan-rekahan versus percampuran rekahan dan lubang bor (purely fractures versus mixed fracture and wellbore), serta ketidaksepakatan terhadap geologi bawah pemukaan (subsurface geology) wujud dari karbonat dalam, satuan litologi antara serpih dan karbonat (nature of deep carbonates, lithology of lithological unit between shales and carbonates).
Studi ini akan menyajikan tinjauan pertama yang seimbang dari anatomi sistem mud volcano Lusi (present the first balanced overview of the anatomy of the Lusi mud volcanic system) dengan penekanan khusus terhadap ketidak jelasan yang kritis tersebut serta hubungannya terhadap bencana.
Kata Kunci: Luapan Lumpur Sidoarjo (Sidoarjo Mudflow), Lumpur Sidoarjo (Lusi), Gunung Lumpur (Mud volcano)
Anatomy of the ‘Lusi’ Mud Eruption, East Java
ANATOMI SEMBURAN ‘LUSI’ DI JAWA TIMUR
Mark Tingay, 2010
SUMMARY
Early in the morning of the 29th of May 2006, hot mud started erupting from the ground in the densely populated Porong District of Sidoarjo, East Java.
With initial flow rates of ~5000 cubic meters per day, the mud quickly inundated neighboring villages. After almost four years, the ‘Lusi’ eruption has expelled over 73 million cubic meters of mud at an average rate of approximately 64000 cubic meters per day and at maximum rates of 170000m3/day.
The mud flow has now covered over 700 hectares of land to depths of over 25 meters, engulfing a dozen villages and displacing approximately 40000 people. In addition to the inundated areas, other areas are also at risk from subsidence and distant eruptions of gas.
However, efforts to stem the mud flow or monitor its evolution are hampered by an overall lack of knowledge and consensus on the subsurface anatomy of the Lusi mud volcanic system.
In particular, the largest and most significant uncertainties are the source of the erupted water (shales versus deep carbonates), the fluid flow pathways (purely fractures versus mixed fracture and wellbore) and disputes over the subsurface geology (nature of deep carbonates, lithology of lithological unit between shales and carbonates).
This study will present the first balanced overview of the anatomy of the Lusi mud volcanic system with particular emphasis on these critical uncertainties and their influence on the disaster.
Key words: Sidoarjo Mudflow, Lusi, Mud volcano.