Rationale: Following World War II there was global recognition that change was needed in the way different nations, different races, the different genders and different religions engaged with and respected each other. In the face of growing popular movements, there were a number of initiatives implemented to improve the relationships between these groups and the lives of millions. Australia has played an active role in this global community although it has also had to face domestic issues including the rights and freedoms of Aboriginal peoples. This topic will examine the historical development of rights and freedoms of ATSI people, Australia’s role in the international community in promoting the rights and freedoms of all people, and the ongoing challenges we face in these two areas.