クロニセホウライタケ

Crinipellis corvina Har. Takah., Mycoscience 41 (2): 175 (2000)

子実体は圧着した紫黒色の毛に被われ、一般に傘中央部にクレーター状の中丘を形成します。種小名の” corvina”は「カラスの」を意味するラテン語です。Corner博士が記載したシンガポール産 Crinipellis brunneipurpureaの近縁種です。

肉眼的特徴: 傘は径 10-15 mm, 最初半球形～饅頭形で縁部は内側に巻き, のちほぼ平開し, 時に中央部が凹み, 通常クレーター状の中丘を具え, 乾性, 全体に縁部に向かって放射状に走る帯紫黒色の毛に被われ, しばしば同心円状の環紋を表す. 肉は非常に薄く (0.4 mm以下), 類白色, もろく,, 特別な味や臭いはない. 柄は 20-30×1-1.5 mm, ほぼ上下同大または下方に向かってやや太くなり, 中心生, やせ型, 中空, 全体に帯紫黒色の剛毛に被われ, 根元に発達した菌糸体は見られない. 根状菌糸束は 10-15×0.3-0.6 mm, 糸状, 強靱, 類白色, 無分岐, 空中に向かって伸長し, 基質上に散生し, 子実体から独立して形成される. ヒダは上生, 密 (柄に到達するヒダは 28-35), 幅 1.5 mm以下, 白色, 老成時は淡褐色を帯びる; 縁部は細縁毛があり, 同色. 胞子紋は白色.

顕微鏡的特徴: 担子胞子は 6.5-8×3.5-4.5μm, 楕円形, 平坦, 無色, 非アミロイド, 薄壁またはやや厚壁. 担子器は 22-30×4-8μm, こん棒形, ４胞子性; 偽担子器はこん棒形. 縁シスチジアは 20-40×4-12 μm, 群生し, 縁部に不稔帯を成し, 子実層から突出し, 片脹れ状～洋梨形, 時に1-2個の円柱形の頂生付属糸 (3-20×3-7μm) を持ち, 平坦, 無色, 非アミロイド, 厚壁 (厚さ 1μm以下). 側シスチジアはない. 子実層托実質は平列型; 菌糸は傘実質に似る. 傘の表皮は毛状細胞に接続する類円柱形の菌糸細胞が層をなし, 類円柱形の菌糸細胞は20-100×5-25 μm, 多少とも肥大し, 細胞壁は無色または淡褐色で厚さ 2 μm以下, 弱偽アミロイド; 傘の毛状細胞は 500-1500×3.5-6 μm, 匍匐性または直立し, 円柱形, 頂部は鈍頭, 時に屈曲し, 細胞壁は褐色で厚さ 1-3μm, 偽アミロイド, しばしば複数の二次隔壁が梯子状構造を形成する. 傘実質の菌糸は幅 5-20μm, 互いに平行に走り, 類円柱形～類紡錘形, しばしば肥大し, 平坦, 無色, 非アミロイド, 薄壁またはやや厚壁. 柄の表皮は円柱形の菌糸 (幅 2-5μm)が平行菌糸被を成し, 複数の二次隔壁を持つかまたは欠き, 細胞壁は淡褐色で厚さ 1μm以下, 偽アミロイド; 柄の毛状細胞は傘と同様. 柄の実質は縦に沿って配列した円柱形の菌糸(幅 5.3-8μm) からなり, 細胞壁は無色または淡褐色で厚さ 1μm以下, 偽アミロイド. 全ての組織において菌糸にクランプが見られる.

コメント: 子実体全体が圧着した紫黒色の毛に被われ, 傘はクレーター状の中丘をそなえる. 最近シンガポールから報告された Crinipellis brunneipurpurea Corner は本種に最も近縁と考えられるが, 胞子がやや大きく, 縁シスチジアの性質が異なる. 東京都高尾山のツガの樹皮または落枝上に発生. 標本は千葉県立中央博物館 (CBM) の標本庫に登録, 収蔵されている.

Crinipellis corvina Har. Takah., Mycoscience 41: 171-182, 2000　

Pileus 10-15 mm in diam, at first hemispherical to convex with incurved margin, then nearly plane, sometimes with depressed center, usually forming a cratered, circular ridge around the concave disk, dry, radially fibrillose-squamulose with strigose, blackish purple hairs projecting beyond the margin, often concentrically zoned, dull, opaque. Flesh very thin (up to 0.4 mm), pallid, pliant but easily broken, odor and taste none. Stipe 20-30×1-1.5 mm, subequal or slightly enlarged at the base, central, slender, terete, hollow, entirely strigose-fibrillose with blackish purple hairs, basal mycelium not seen. Rhizomorphs 10-15×0.3-0.6 mm, thread-like, tough, whitish, not branched, growing into the air, scattered on the substratum, independent of the formation of basidiomata. Lamellae abruptly adnexed, close (28-35 reach the stipe), up to 1.5 mm broad, white, light brown (6D6-6D7) in age; edges ciliate to fimbriate, concolorous.

Spore print pure white. Basidiospores 6.5-8×3.5-4.5 μm, ellipsoid, smooth, colorless, inamyloid, thin- or slightly thick- walled. Basidia 22-30×4-8 μm, clavate, four-spored; basidioles clavate. Cheilocystidia 20-40×4-12 μm, forming a compact sterile edge, projecting from the hymenium, ventricose to pyriform, occasionally with one or two cylindric apical appendages 3-20×3-7 μm, smooth, colorless, inamyloid, moderately thick-walled (up to 1 μm thick). Pleurocystidia none. Hymenophoral trama regular; element hyphae similar to those of the pileitrama. Pileipellis a hypotrichial layer of subcylindric cells 20-100×5-25 μm, more or less inflated, with smooth, colorless or light brown walls up to 2 μm thick, weakly dextrinoid; hairs of pileus 500-1500×3.5-6 μm, arising directly from the hypotrichium, repent or erect, cylindric, with rounded apex, sometimes flexuous, with smooth, brown (7E8) walls 1-3 μm thick, strongly dextrinoid, often with several or numerous secondary septa forming ladder structure. Hyphae of pileitrama 5-20 μm wide, parallel, subcylindric to subfusiform, often inflated, smooth, colorless, inamyloid, thin or slightly thick-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel, repent hyphae 2-5 μm wide, cylindric, with numerous secondary septa (without clamps) or without them, with smooth, light brown walls up to 1 μm thick, dextrinoid; hairs of stipe similar to those of the pileus. Stipe trama composed of longitudinally running, cylindric hyphae 5.3-8 μm wide, with smooth, colorless or light brown walls up to 1 μm thick, dextrinoid. Clamps present in all tissues. Distribution: Japan (Tokyo).

Specimens examined: CBM-FB-24123, scattered on bark of Torreya nucifera Sieb. et Zucc. (300 m alt.), Mt. Takao, Hachioji, Tokyo, 13 sept. 1997; CBM-FB-24124 (holotype), scattered to densely gregarious on bark of Torreya nucifera and dead fallen twig or culm, Mt. Takao, Hachioji, Tokyo, 8 Aug. 1998.

Japanese name: Kuro-nise- houraitake (first collected and named by Mr. Minoru Aoki).

Notes: This species is well characterized by the blackish purple, fibrillose-squamulose hairs enveloping the whole basidioma, the pileus with a cratered, circular ridge around the concave disk, the moderately thick-walled, ventricose to pyriform cheilocystidia with occasional apical appendages, the hairs with numerous secondary ladder-septations, and the lignicolous habitat. The lack of bright pigments, the relatively long (more than 7 mm) and central stipe, the relatively small (less than 9 μm broad) and elongated basidiospores, and the absence of pleurocystidia suggest that this species belongs in the section Crinipellis, subsection Crinipellis, as defined in Singer (Singer, 1942, 1986). Crinipellis corvina differs from all previously described taxa of the subsection Crinipellis in its blackish purple hairs enveloping the whole basidioma and in its thick-walled, projecting cheilocystidia which form ciliate lamella edges. Crinipellis brunneipurpurea Corner (Corner, 1996), recently described from Singapore, has macromorphological similarities to C.corvina. Crinipellis brunneipurpurea differs micromorphologically in having much larger basidiospores (12-14×4.5-5.5 μm in C. brunneipurpurea) and thin-walled, subcylindric cheilocystidia.

Literature cited

Corner, E.J.H. 1996. The agaric genera Marasmius, Chaetocalathus, Crinipellis, Heimiomyces, Resupinatus, Xerula and Xerulina in Malesia. Beiheft Nova Hedwig. 111 : 1-164.

Singer, R. 1942. A monographic study of the genera "Crinipellis" and "Chaetocalathus." Lilloa 8: 441-534.

Singer, R. 1986. The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th. ed. Koeltz Scientific books, Koenigstein.

Takahashi, H. 2000. Three new species of Crinipellis found in Iriomote Island, southwestern Japan, and central Honshu, Japan. Mycoscience. 41(2):171-182