SREL Reprint #3000

Radiation-induced untargeted germline mutations in Japanese medaka

O. Tsyusko1, Y. Yi1, D. Coughlin1, D. Main2, R. Podolsky3, T. G. Hinton1, and T. C. Glenn1,4

1Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
2Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University,
45 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
3Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta, Georgia 30912-4060, USA
4Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

Abstract: Radiation has been shown to increase mutation frequencies at tandem repeat loci by indirect interactions of radiation with DNA. We studied germline mutations in chronically exposed Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using microsatellite loci. After screening 26 randomly selected loci among unirradiated parents and their 200 offspring, we selected seven highly mutable loci (0.5-1.0 × 10-2 mutants per locus per gamete) and two bonus loci for further study. To determine if radiation exposure increases mutation frequencies in these loci, medaka were chronically irradiated from subadults through maturation at relatively low dose rates of 68 mGy/d. Total doses for males and females were 10.4 and 3 Gy, respectively. The mean number of mutations for the offspring of exposed families (0.149 ± 0.044) was significantly higher (P = 0.018) than for control families (0.080 ± 0.028), indicating induction of germline mutations from chronic irradiation. This increase in the microsatellite mutation rate is greater than expected from direct interaction of radiation with DNA, suggesting indirect, untargeted mechanism(s) for mutations. This study identified microsatellite loci with a high mutational background in medaka, variation among loci and families as important variables, and demonstrated the usefulness of this fish model for studying radiation-induced germline mutations.

Keywords: Fitness; Germline mutations; Japanese medaka; Microsatellites; Oryzias latipes; Radiation; Spermatogonia; Untargeted mutations; Variation

SREL Reprint #3000

Tsyusko, O., Y. Yi, D. Coughlin, D. Main, T. G. Hinton, and T. C. Glenn. 2006. Radiation-induced untargeted germline mutations in Japanese medaka. Comparative Biogeochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 145(1):103-110.

This information was provided by the University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (srel.uga.edu).