SREL Reprint #3208

Interactive effects of maternal and environmental exposure to coal combusion wastes decrease survival of larval southern toads (Bufo terrestris)

Brian S. Metts1, Kurt A. Buhlmann1, David E. Scott1, Tracey D. Tuberville1, and William A. Hopkins2

1Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
2Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

Abstract: We conducted a mesocosm study to assess the individual and interactive effects of previous maternal exposure and larval exposure to trace element-laden sediments on southern toads (Bufo terrestris). Previous maternal exposure to coal combustion wastes (CCW) reduced larval survival to metamorphosis up to 57% compared to larvae of unexposed females. Larvae reared on CCW accumulated significant concentrations of trace elements resulting in extended larval periods, reduced growth rates, and reduced mass at metamorphosis. However, the effects were dependent on age of sediments, suggesting the effects of contaminants from CCW may be partially ameliorated over time through the reduced bioavailability of trace elements in aged CCW. Most importantly, maternal exposure to contaminants coupled with larval exposure to fresh CCW interacted to reduce survival to metamorphosis by 85% compared to reference conditions. Our study yields further evidence that disposal of CCW in aquatic basins potentially creates ecological traps for some amphibian populations.

Keywords: Amphibian, Coal combustion wastes, Contaminants, Trace elements, Selenium

SREL Reprint #3208

Metts, B. S., K. A. Buhlmann, D. E. Scott, T. D. Tuberville, and W. A. Hopkins. 2012. Interactive effects of maternal and environmental exposure to coal combusion wastes decrease survival of larval southern toads (Bufo terrestris). Environmental Pollution 164(2012): 211-218.

This information was provided by the University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (srel.uga.edu).