Review of the Ablative Case.
The Latin ablative comprises three separate case functions:
(a) The Ablative Proper expresses the idea of separation, privation, motion away from; it may be summarized by the English word from.
(b) The Associative-Instrumental Ablative expresses the ideas of association (‘together with’; ‘along with’) and instrumentality (‘by means of’; ‘with’). The basic idea is with.
(c) The Locative Ablative expresses the idea of location in time or space. The basic idea is in or on.
Each of these uses occurs with and without modification by prepositions.
WITH PREPOSITIONS WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS
Ablative Proper
(‘from’) ā, ab: “away from”; with verbs of separation, wanting, (of personal agents) “by” lacking, freeing: careō, līberō, etc. ā vīllā – “from the house” spē carēmus – “We have no hope.” ā tē factum – “done by you” tē servitiō līberō – “I free you from slavery.” dē: “down from”; “about, concerning” dē monte – “down from the mountain” dē amicītiā – “about friendship” ē, ex: “out from, out of” ex urbe – “out of the city” ex īrā – “out of anger” sine: “without” sine legibus – “without laws”___________________________________________________________________________
Associative-Instrumental (‘with’)
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Locative Ablative (‘in, on’)