LG Curriculum in a NUTSHELL to 2024
2018-19-2020
What helps long term memory research:
Review of curriculum maps for
Sequence
Connectivity(themes)
Sequence and progression mapped by subject leaders- paper based process reviewing Chris Quigley -skills based Curriculum maps of 2016-2017.
February 2019: Review of Curriculum Purpose linked to long-term memory - designing a 'Living Curriculum' with Equipping Kids
Development of electronic version for websites:
https://www.littlegreen.herts.sch.uk/learning
Further review and development of curriculum content and activities based on Equipping Kids external support:
Impact of 2021-2022 actions:
Supporting Subject Leaders - IMPACT
Based on staff workload - Prevent/CP/behaviour/Covid Impact/reduction in external services etc.
Focus on developing extra support - Ready to Learn Room and wider support for related issues whilst embedding curriculum approaches and considering Impact measuring.
Review of Curriculum with focus on Must/Should/Could with Focus on History Curriculum
Summer 2023 - Summer 2024 - designing approach to drive memory retention and retrieval linked to memory and Bjork research around low stakes quizzes.
History as focus - History retrieval thematic and carefully considered quiz construction.
Launched Spring 2024.
What next for Foundation approaches? What is the purpose of our Foundation Subjects?
External Factors to be considered during the Journey
- Ofsted inspection and wider training and research implications
External factors: 18-19-20
OFSTED drivers:
Connected Curriculum
Staff Workload
No more data focus, no Tribal Ofsted Inspectors with limited pedagogical understanding
Questions:
How do we measure an effective curriculum objectively compared to other schools?
What are the long term impacts of primary education?
How will Ofsted inspectors be assessed to understand context and their own pedagogical prejudices? (75% of outstanding schools in wealthy demographics)
What percent of the country is welthy demographic?!
External factors: 20-21
OFSTED drivers:
Covid years
Jan 2020 - Aug 2021
External factors: 22-23
OFSTED drivers:
Memory - it's not learnt if it's not remembered...
Questions:
What should be remembered?
How long should it be remembered?
Why should it be remembered?
How do you evidence memory?
SEE 2023-2024 for what we are doing...
External factors: 23-24
OFSTED drivers:
Staff wellbeing: self-review
Questions: (from Ofsted review)
reporting – how we report on our education and regulatory inspections
inspection practice – the shape of our education and regulatory inspections, our ways of working and the craft of inspecting
culture and purpose – the conduct of our inspections and the way we work
impact – the consequences of our inspections for children, professionals, institutions and parents’ choices
Where to now Summer 2024?
SLT review, reflection and discussions:
We revied History Curriculum content. The content was already streamlined.
We have carefully developed Historical themse to track through the Curriculum and ensure prior learning and sequences are clear and robustly understood.
We have developed a Historical retrieval quiz (for one topic per year) to help us measure memory retention and retrieval over time for TWO reasons:
i) to measure the impact of history teaching and learning.
ii) to support the retention and retrieval (sticky memories) of History.
We have considered the workload, time an effort to get to this stage for just part of one subject to be robust in it;s teaching and assessment. It is not scalable. What are out options?
TRAD: return to a more traditional and less precise approach to Foundation subject teaching and learning - trying to do every subject as a subject and not doing ana amazing job with 'accurate' foundation assessment. Too often, teacher assessment is reliant on children's RWM abilities and presentation abilities and their critical thinking skills are lost. (We do not like this idea.)
Develop a more focused UNIVERSAL PURPOSE to our foundation teaching ensuring:
Subject integrity - smaller quizzes for all learning with sample quizzes created to map impact (as with History - we deem this manageable over time (24-25))
Subjects Specific knowledge drives these core elements and, at primary, are the tool to driving the ability to critically think/ voice and have subject specific knowledge and experiences to think within - so we need a Critical Thinking Curiosity Curriculum built on the subject specific knowledge and experiences. ( more finely detailed subject specific skills will be built more effectively on a bedrock of critical thinking and oracy. We prioritise making sure that the foundations of critical thinking and oracy are embedded for children - Discuss this with Secondary colleagues - what do they want us to focus on?)
If option 1, then we return to general assessment approaches cognitively overloading stretched teachers across 14 subject areas.
If option 2, (recommended by SLT Curriculum) then the next steps are
i) Develop a Critical Thinking and Oracy Rubric for assessment (example linked Page 13.)
This would mean all subjects are an opportunity to evidence critical thinking and justifications - and to promote this wider critical thinking skill
This builds nicely on planned work with Amanda Slavin around engagement (See Level 6)
Potential Risk - we lose subject integrity
Risk Mitigation:
Subjects remain taught as subjects and core subject vocabulary (already mapped on atomic tracker) becomes a core checklist tool for subject planning and coverage.)
Subject leaders monitor their subjects in the same way and subject quizzes offer evidence of knowledge retention as sample and planning and books remain a source of evidence for teaching quality
Potential Benefits:
Teaching and Learning is focused on the core primary elements (and we feel priorities) of
Reading - the ability to engage with the world
Writing - one way of communicating with the world
Maths - a way of measuring and understanding the world -a new language
Oracy - a range of ways of communicating/performing/being in the world
Critical Thinking - a way of justifying ideas in the world; finding the best ways forward and fighting for truth and morality against self interest and corruption! Citizens of the future finding and using their reasoned voices! Kind, Safe, Positive, Learning.
Both Oracy and Critical Thinking will be planned, taught and impact evidenced across the curriculum meaning
reduction in administrative workload for skills assessment - if a child can justify a material in DT they have the transferable skill of justifying a moral stance in PSHE or justifying a colour choice in art.
Evidencing an element of these across the curriculum will give robust evidence tat subject integrity is robust and offer children a simpler understanding of the CORE skill involved in all learning - a universal (think of the synthetic phonics approach now in place supporting children to understand the foundations and apply this to all reading.)
teachers and curriculum focused on 5 core aims using the subjects as vehicles for these core effective human elements
Research from NPQEL Best Practice: (2023-2024)
3.8 In order for pupils to think critically, they must have a secure understanding of knowledge within the
subject area they are being asked to think critically about.
The ability to think critically could be described as a skill but research suggests a thorough understanding of the relevant subject knowledge is a prerequisite to critical thinking. Deans for Impact (2015) explain that
“each subject area has some set of facts that if, committed to long-term memory, aids problem-solving.”
Willingham (2002) uses his analysis of studies to highlight three key messages for teachers;
There is not a set of critical thinking skills that can be acquired and deployed regardless of context.
There are metacognitive strategies that, once learned, make critical thinking more likely.
The ability to think critically (to actually do what the metacognitive strategies call for) depends on domain knowledge and practice.
FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS THINKING CRITICALLY TRANSFER OF LEARNING
Bailin et al. (1999) argue that background knowledge is a necessity for critical thinking:
“Background knowledge in the particular area is a precondition for critical thinking to take place. A person cannot analyze a particular chemical compound if he or she does not know something about chemistry, and without an understanding of certain historical events a person will be unable to evaluate competing theories regarding the causes of World War I." (Bailin et al.,1999)
It follows that teaching subject knowledge supports deep learning of that subject and the ability to engage critically with the content.
Learning sequences are more effective if key knowledge and concepts are introduced and the learning is secure before moving on to analysing, evaluating or considering implications.
Bailin, S., Case, R., Coombs, J. R., & Daniels, L. B. (1999). Common misconceptions of critical thinking. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(3), 269-283.
Deans for Impact (2015). The science of learning
Willingham, D. T. (2002). Ask the cognitive scientist. In exible knowledge: The First step to expertise. American Educator, 26(4), 31-33.
Implication:
Critical our knowledge approach in terms of:
Ball et al. (2008) set out to define the different domains of content knowledge specifc for teaching. Building on the work of Lee Shulman (1986) they identifed 6 domains.
Subject matter knowledge:
common content knowledge (for example subject-specific knowledge needed to solve mathematical problems)
specialised content knowledge (knowledge and skill unique to teaching maths)
horizon content knowledge (an awareness of how mathematical topics are related over the curriculum)
Our knowledge quizzes, consideration of long-term memory and the potential teaching of atomic subject specific vocabulary supports this thinking.
A greater focus on Critical Thinking as a common content/metacognitive skill goes hand in hand with this subject specific teaching.
Little Green research:
We theorise that as critical thinking skills develop, a greater understanding of the importance of 'knowing facts' will develop driving an intrinsic thirst for knowledge.
In essence, facts and critical thinking are multi-dependent variables in this process - this challenges the chronological narrative in the Bailin research.
In essence we suggest, the process is likely parallel.
Roberts. D +? (add LG names) (2024)
(Sedgwick 2024) "Critical thinking is the glue that holds the knowledge together."