Lachesis macrolepis

Scales in 17; 12-15:19 rows, strongly imbricate. Lowest scale row has smallest scales of all body scale rows. Ventrals 133-140 in males and 135-143 in females.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERES

Head:

Supralabial 7 or 8; first completely separated from nasal; single row of scales between supralabial and elongated sub ocular; supraocular very large; separated by 1 or 3 large scales.

Dorsal:

Keeled and strongly imbricated scales in 17:12-15:9/10 rows.

Ventral:

133-140 (Male), 135-143 (Female).

Sub Caudal:

53-56 (Male), 44-58 (Female); paired; tail prehensile. Hemipenis extends to 20th-21st caudal plate, forked opposite the 5th.

REPRODUCTION

The reproduction of Lachesis macrolepis is viviparous, which means the females give birth to live young instead of laying eggs.

SIZE

Newborn Size:

When they are born, baby bushmasters can measure around 30 to 50 centimeters (approximately 12 to 20 inches) in length.

Average Length:

The average length of adult Lachesis macrolepis typically ranges from 2 to 3 meters (6.5 to 10 feet).

Maximum Length:

The maximum reported length for this species is around 3.5 to 4.5 meters (approximately 11.5 to 15 feet).

MORPHOLOGY

Lachesis macrolepis is a large and heavy-bodied snake, and it is considered one of the largest venomous snakes in the Western Hemisphere.

They have a robust build with a relatively large head in comparison to their body size.

Coloration and Pattern:

The coloration of Lachesis macrolepis can vary widely among individuals and populations.

They typically have a background color that ranges from pale yellow to dark brown, and some individuals may exhibit reddish or olive tones.

Their bodies are adorned with a pattern of dark, irregular crossbands or saddles, which can vary in shape, size, and intensity.

The ventral (underside) surface is generally lighter in color and may display lighter crossbands or spots.

Head and Fangs:

Lachesis macrolepis has a distinctive triangular-shaped head, which is broader than its neck and well-adapted for delivering venomous strikes.

Like all pit vipers, they possess a pair of specialized heat-sensing pits located between the eye and nostril on each side of the head. These pits help them detect and locate warm-blooded prey.

The venomous fangs are long, hinged, and hollow, situated at the front of the upper jaw. When not in use, the fangs fold back against the roof of the mouth.

Scales:

The scales of Lachesis macrolepis are keeled, meaning they have a ridge or raised central line running along the length of each scale. This feature gives them a rough or granular texture.

Like all snakes, they have scales covering their entire body, including the head, and these scales aid in their movement and provide protection.

Tail and Rattle:

The tail of Lachesis macrolepis tapers gradually and ends with a rattle made of a series of interlocking keratin segments.

The rattle is used as a warning device, producing a distinctive buzzing sound when the snake shakes its tail rapidly. This serves to deter potential threats from getting too close.

ECOLOGY

Behaviour and Diet:

South American bushmasters are nocturnal snakes, meaning they are most active during the night. They are ambush predators, patiently waiting for their prey to come within striking distance.

The diet of Lachesis macrolepis consists of a variety of small to medium-sized animals, including rodents, birds, lizards, and other snakes.

VENOMOSITY

They are venomous snakes and use their potent venom to immobilize and digest their prey before consuming it.

GENERAL HABITAT

Lachesis macrolepis inhabits a variety of forested habitats, including tropical rainforests, cloud forests, and lowland forests.

They are primarily found in the countries of Central and South America, such as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.

These snakes are often associated with humid and dense environments, and they are particularly skilled climbers, utilizing trees and branches to move through their habitats.