Frog : Pelvic girdle

• Pelvic girdle is a ‘V’ shaped structure. It has two similar halves. Each halves consist of a compared bone called innominate bone or innominatum.

• It in turn is formed by the fusion of 3 elements namely ilium, ischium and pubis.

• Ischium and ilium are bones, where pubis is a calcified cartilage.

• Laterally, at the junction of these three, is a cup like cavity called ‘acetabulum’.

• Into this the head of femur is fixed to form ‘hip joint’.

• Terminally each ilium articulates with the transverse process of 9th vertebra.

• The pubis and ischium of each side join their fellows of the opposite side, with a median strip of cartilage in between. This forms the pubo – ischiatic symphysis.

• Symphysis is the fusion or meeting of 2 bones with a median cartilage in between.