Frog : 8th vertebra

• 8th vertebra has an Amphicoelous or biconcave centrum (concave anteriorly and posteriorly).

• Produced from it, is the neural arch that encloses the neural canal.

• Neural arch bears a neural spine, a pair of transverse processes and paired pre and post zygapophyses.

• Thus 8th vertebra differs from the typical vertebra only in having an amphicoelous centrum, instead of a procoelous one.