As mentioned earlier in Section 18.4 of the five phases of emergency management, an important step is to ask questions Before, During & After the emergency or training exercise. This helps address and remediate hazards that may potentially occur during the emergency, exercise/training and prevent future recurrence. The After-Action Report/Review (AAR) helps provide lessons learned from emergency exercises, training, or actual emergencies by identifying strengths to be maintained and built upon, as well as identifying potential areas of improvements (see Figure 18.7.1 for a sample agenda for an AAR). It is very important to identify the key people who need to be in attendance during the (AAR) to discuss the result of the exercise or actual emergency i.e UDOT Emergency Operation Coordinator/Manager, District Engineer, Maintenance Engineer, Area Supervisor, Station Supervisor, Region Safety Coordinator, Incident Management, etc. Here are some topics to discuss during the after-action report:

• Incident overview.  What happened, when did it happen, how did it happen, etc.

• Analysis.  What was observed?

• What went well and why?

• Improvement/action plan.

• What assistance or support is needed to make indicated improvements.

• Recommendations.

• Conclusion.