Information about this bayonet
This bayonet has a distinct short roundish brass hilt that is just a little different then Ames' hilt type #1. The smooth ribbed brass hilt is 118 mm long and has 16 ribs. The muzzle ring is flush to the hilt flat and the inside diameter is 20.9 mm. There is a forward swept round finial on the bottom of the guard and no finial on top of the muzzle ring. The press stud spring length is 48 mm. There is no steel rivet in the center of the cross guard.
The lug slot is chamfered around the top edge and there is no guide slot. The hilt flat typically has a 4 to 5 digit serial number stamped vertically between the muzzle ring and lug slot in a 3 mm font.
In the following two pictures the 48 mm long Merrill press stud spring is on the top. The 51 mm long Collins spring is in the middle and the 41 mm long Ames spring is on the bottom. It can be seen that the Merrill spring is much thicker in width than the Collins spring and lacks the tooling to thin the spring beyond the screw hole as found on the Ames spring. Just different in every aspect.
In the following picture the Merrill press stud spring screw is on the top. The Collins screw is in the middle and the Ames screw is on the bottom. It was originally believed that the Merrill screw was a replacement but multiple examples have now been observed with the same screw. The Merrill screw is very noticeable because it does not quite sit flush to the spring. You can see this in the above picture of the hilt flat.
In the following picture it can be seen that the Merrill press stud (top) is made in the same manner as the Collins press stud (middle). The Ames press stud (bottom) is distinctly different.
The unmarked yataghan blade is 500 mm long and has unstopped fullers.
Information from other sources
Rollin Davis, US Sword Bayonets 1847 to 1865, states that Ordnance records show a total of 770 Merrill Breech Loading Rifles with sword bayonets were purchased between April 1862 and November 1863.
Davis also claims that the brass hilted sword bayonets were probably made by Merrill. The overall length is 24 1/8 inches (613 mm), the blade length is 19 1/2 inches (496 mm) and the blade width is 1 1/16 inches (27 mm) at the hilt. The blade is unmarked. The flat of the hilt is serial numbered with large 3 mm numbers scattered through an observed range of 5576 to 14025.
Speculation and questions
Is Rollin Davis correct in stating that the bayonets were probably made by Merrill? The Merrill bayonet has a lot of differences from the bayonets produced by both Collins and Ames during the same time period.
Muzzle Ring Diameter -------- 20.9
Overall Length ---------------- 618
Hilt Length -------------------- 118
Blade Length ------------------ 500
Blade Width ------------------- 27.9
Blade Thickness --------------- 6.5
Lock to Muzzle Length ------- 95
Press Stud Spring Length ---- 48
Guide Slot Length ------------ None
Lug to Stop Length ----------- 14.0
Lug Slot Width --------------- 5.4
Lug Width -------------------- 9.7
Lug Thickness ---------------- 2.5
Lug Depth -------------------- 6.6
This example has the serial number 7162 stamped on the flat of the hilt and has an inspector’s stamp of L behind the muzzle ring. The center of the left side of the cross guard is stamped 203 (possibly a rack number) in 3 mm numbers. The blade is unmarked.
Muzzle Ring Diameter -------- 20.0
Overall Length ---------------- 601**
Hilt Length -------------------- 118
Blade Length ------------------ 483**
Blade Width ------------------- 28.8
Blade Thickness --------------- 7.9
Lock to Muzzle Length ------- 95
Press Stud Spring Length ----- 48
Guide Slot Length ------------- None
Lug to Stop Length ----------- 14.7
Lug Slot Width --------------- 5.2
Lug Width -------------------- 9.5
Lug Thickness ---------------- 2.3
Lug Depth -------------------- 6.5
** Blade has been heavily repoint.
This example has the serial number 6824 stamped on the flat of the hilt and no inspector’s markings. The center of the left side of the cross guard is stamped 48 (possibly a rack number) in 4 mm numbers. The blade is unmarked.