FRAMING: JOIST
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Checklist for joist and post-installation
The above link will take you to the checklist for joist and post installation. Make sure to print it each time you use it, as we may have made updates to it since you last printed it..
SUBCONTRACTOR SPECIFICATIONS
SPAN CHART FOR FLOOR JOIST:
Beam Span Chart
HELPFUL HINTS:
FRAMING EDUCATION BACKGROUND AND REASONING
For why we do things, the way we do them.
When lumber is WITHIN 2’ of the ground in the crawlspace, it should ALWAYS BE TREATED LUMBER.
2x8s are the minimum thickness for floor joists.
The minimum center for floor joists is 16’’.
The minimum span for ceiling joists is 16’’.
The minimum span for Ceiling RAFTERS is 24’’.
All joists and rafters must have “knocking”.
Use Simpson Strong Ties to secure joist, beam, and rafter framing. This provides a secure product and allows for quick visual inspections to ensure that all items are safe.
DETERIORATED JOISTS
Often, joists deteriorate because of water leaks and humidity getting into a crawl space. We mitigate this through our spray foam insulation and plumbing fixes. Replace all beams, band board, and seal plates that appear rotted. If the water penetration is potential, OR THE WOOD IS WITHIN 2’ OF THE GROUND, replace it with treated lumber.
Raise and Level a Floor through Framing
There are several situations in which you need to raise and level a floor, like uneven floors, structural issues, correcting previous poor installations, etc.
Here is a sample in which the concrete and wood floors are not on the same level.
Here is the solution to level the floor. Also, there is a sample video of the general guide on how to raise the floor.
Ceiling joists often sag. If this is the case, sister on to the old framing to level the drywall installation.
Vaulting
Ceilings may be vaulted, especially if all the drywall in space is coming down and being replaced. A minimum of 4 nails should be used to secure each side of a collar tie.
Collar ties are encouraged at least on every other roof rafter, regardless of if the ceiling is being vaulted or not.
POST INSTALLATIONS TO SUPPORT EXTERIOR WALLS
To get the footer below the frost line, holes must be at least 2’ deep and 1’ in diameter. These concrete footers should be placed every 6’.
Pour at least 1’ of concrete, and build up with cinder blocks to the desired height.
Slush the cinder block with concrete/mortar, and use either a bolt or rebar to act as a hurricane tie, to the newly installed band board/beam. When installing on an exterior wall, cover the exterior area with treated plywood.
RAFTERS/CEILING JOISTS
When vaulting a ceiling, make sure to use Simpson’s strong ties at the ridge, on the roof rafters, to help hold them together.
Use 2x4s with Strong Ties to vault the ceiling, on EVERY rafter. These should be roughly ½ way up the roofline.
Take a 2x6 lying flat, and nail IT into the newly installed collar ties. This should be done regardless of if there will be finishED drywall or not.
For large projects, installing a beam across the vaulted area is a nice structural addition, and can also help with lighting. These are left to the discretion of the project manager.
For old houses where an attic space is very large, add in collar ties.
USING CORRECT LENGHT OF FASTERNER WITH JOIST
It is important to use the correct length of fastener with joists- especially when using a strong tie. Notice how the diagonal fasteners can connect this joist to a band board or beam?
ROOF FRAMING BASIC
Roof structure framing refers to the overall framework that supports a roof and its covering. It includes a series of interconnected elements designed to handle the loads from the roof materials, snow, wind, and any other external factors.
HELPFUL VIDEOS
How to cut a cinder block
This video shows a technique on how to cut a cinder block properly using the back of the hammer.
How to cut a block properly.mp4INSTALLING BLOCKING
This video shows a technique on how to easily install a wood blocking using a clamp to squeeze and hold it tight.
Installing blocking.mp4Page updated
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