kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Viola L. > Viola subsect. Viola L.

Viola collina Besser

| Bio Lib |e Flora of China| plantarium.ru | 

Synon.: Viola microdonta C. C. Chang

Common names:  球果堇菜 qiu guo jin cai ; Фиалка холмовая 

Description:  Herbs perennial, 4-9 cm tall at anthesis, to 20 cm at fruiting. Rhizome erect or oblique, yellow-brown, 2-6 cm, robust, thick, densely noded, apex often branched; roots numerous, brownish. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, membranous, base adnate to petioles, margin remotely fimbriate-denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole narrowly winged, 2-5 cm at anthesis, to 19 cm at fruiting, appressed puberulous or rarely glabrescent; leaf blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1-3.5 × 1-3 cm, conspicuously accrescent at fruiting, to 8 × ca. 6 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or rarely glabrescent, base shallowly or deeply and narrowly sinuate, later cordate, margin shallowly and obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate. Flowers purplish, ca. 1.4 cm, long pedicellate; pedicels with 2 bracteoles ca. 6 mm at or below middle, puberulous or rarely glabrescent. Sepals oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-6 mm, ciliate and glandular, basal auricles short and obtuse. Petals whitish at base, upper and lateral ones obtuse at apex, lateral ones bearded or subglabrous, spur of anterior one white, shorter, ca. 3.5 mm, slightly curved upward, apex obtuse. Ovary puberulous; styles geniculate at base, gradually thickened upward, often sparsely papillose, apically curved downward forming a hooked beak, with a smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule globose, densely white puberulous or rarely glabrescent; fruit stalk usually curved downward when mature. 

Distributional Range: 

• Native 

• Asia-Temperate 

  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Buryatia, Altay, Krasnoyarsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen]

  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia

  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Khabarovsk, Amur, Sakhalin]

  • CHINA: China [Anhui Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Guizhou Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu, Shaanxi Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng (n.w.), Zhejiang Sheng]

  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu] Korea, North, Korea, South

• Europe 

  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden

  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland, Switzerland

  • EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine

  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania

  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain

Habitat: Forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands, grassy slopes, mountain valleys, shaded and moist places; below 2800 m. 

References: 

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

2. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

3. Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977-. Flora intramongolica.

4. Grubov, V. I. 2001. Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia

5. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

6. Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977-1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu).

7. Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.

8. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.

9. Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)

10. Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.

11. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

12. Marcussen, T. & I. Nordal. 1998. Viola suavis, a new species in the Nordic flora, with analyses of the relation to other species in the subsection Viola (Violaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 18:221.

13. Marcussen, T. et al. 2001. Viola hirta (Violaceae) and its relatives in Norway. Nordic J. Bot. 21:6.

14. Oh, S.-Y. & J.-H. Pak. 2001. Distribution maps of vascular plants in Korea Note: Academybook Publishing Co., Seoul.

15. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).

16. Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.

17. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: mentions

18. Tai Hyun Chung. 1965. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, vol. 5, Tracheophyta.

19. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.

20. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).