kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola patrinii DC. - China Violet

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Synon.: Viola patrinii var. brevicalcarata Skvortsov; V. primulifolia var. glabra Nakai. , Viola primulaefolia L. 

Common name: 白花地丁 bai hua di ding ; Фиалка Патрэна 

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 7-20 cm tall. Rhizome erect, dark brown, short, 4-10 mm, stout. Roots usually straight descending or slightly horizontal, black-brown, long, robust, often produced from same place on rhizome. Leaves 3-5 or more, basal; stipules green, ca. 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part linear-lanceolate, margin remotely denticulate or entire, apex acuminate; petiole long, usually 2-3 × exceeding blades, 2-12 cm, slender, usually glabrous or sparsely puberulous, narrowly or slightly broadly winged in upper part; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-6 × 0.6-2 cm, thin, both surfaces glabrous or puberulous along veins, base truncate, slightly cordate, or broadly cuneate, decurrent to petiole, margin remotely and shallowly repand-crenate or sometimes subentire, apex obtuse. Flowers white, purplish veined, medium-sized; pedicels usually exceeding or subequaling leaves, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate below middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, apex ± acute or slightly obtuse, basal auricles short, ca. 1 mm, obtuse. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, base narrow, lateral ones oblong-obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, bearded, anterior one ca. 1.3 cm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, short, robust, ca. 3 mm or slightly shorter, ca. 3 mm in diam., apex rounded. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 1.5 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens short, ca. 2 mm, robust, ca. 0.6 mm in diam. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous; styles clavate, slender, base slightly geniculate, slightly thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top and triangular, narrowly margined on lateral sides, shortly beaked in front, beak obliquely ascending, with a smaller stigma hole at tip. Capsule ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Seeds yellow-brown to dark brown, ovoid-globose. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12, 24, 36. 

Distributional Range: Native Asia-Temperate SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Buryatia, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk, Evenk, Chita, Aga Buryat, Irkutsk, Ust Orda Buryat] MONGOLIA: Mongolia RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kurile Islands, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Amur, Sakhalin] CHINA: China [Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu] EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku] Korea

Habitat: Marshy meadows, moist places along riversides, thickets, moist and shaded places at forest margins; 200-1700 m. 

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. Note: lists as Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.

2. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

3. Grubov, V. I. 2001. Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia Note: lists as Viola patrinii Ging.

4. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening

5. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

6. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan. Note: lists as Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.

7. Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.

8. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.

9. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.

10. Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. Note: lists as Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.

11. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).

12. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: mentions; lists as Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.