kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola macroceras Bunge

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Common names: 大距堇菜 da ju jin cai  ; Фиалка крупношпорцевая 

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-14 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Rhizome obliquely ascending or erect, short, with few whitish fibrous roots. Leaves basal; stipules dense in upper part of rhizome, white, ovate-lanceolate, membranous, ca. 1/2 adnate to petiole, margin entire or sparsely long fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1-8 cm, to 14 cm at fruiting; leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, 1.5-4.5 × 1-3 cm, base shallowly or deeply cordate, usually cuneate and decurrent to petiole, margin shallowly crenate, apex acute, larger at fruiting, to 6 × ca. 4 cm. Flowers purple-violet or blue-purple, fragrant; pedicels 4-9 cm, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles 4-6 mm. Sepals narrowly elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 × 2-2.5 mm, apex obtuse, basal auricles short, apex obtuse, glabrous. Petals 1-1.2 cm, lateral ones bearded; spur 4-6 mm, stout, slightly curved upward or nearly straight. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas flat at top, with obtuse margin on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with an upward stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 7-9 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Seeds brown or red-brown, large. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep 

Distributional Range: Native Asia-Temperate WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Tuva, Altay] MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (e.-c.) CHINA: China [Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu] Asia-Tropical  INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, [Uttar Pradesh] Pakistan

Habitat: Alpine meadows, stony slopes; below 1500 m.  

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

2. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

3. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.

4. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.

5. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.

6. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: mentions