kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > subsect. Australasiaticae Okamoto

Viola formosana Hayata

| Bio Lib | eFlora of China | Flora of Taiwan |

Description: Herbs acaulescent. Rhizome erect, short, stout, usually with long stolons; stolons rooting at ends and producing dense rosettes of leaves and flowers. Leaves basal; stipules adnate to petioles only at base, free part lanceolate, margin fimbriate or erose; petioles slender, 1-15 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous; leaf blade abaxially greenish purple or glaucous, broadly triangular-cordate or cordate to orbicular, 1-4 × 1-4 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulous, sometimes puberulous along teeth, base deeply cordate, margin crenate, apex acute to rounded or obtuse. Flowers violet to white with darker veins, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; pedicels longer, sometimes to 15 cm, glabrous or puberulous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles subulate. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 × 0.5-1.5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles shorter, 0.5-1 mm, glabrous. Upper petals subequaling lateral ones, ovate, ca. 1.2 cm, lateral ones glabrous, base cuneate, apex emarginate, anterior one larger, ca. 1.5 cm, apex deeply emarginate or shallowly 2-lobed; spur 5-7 mm, slightly curved. Styles nearly erect; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front. Capsule globose to ellipsoid, 4-6 mm, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1 mm. 

Distributional Range:  Native Asia-Temperate EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Habitat:  Mountain forests, mountains, grassy slopes; 1200-2500 m. Taiwan. 

Viola formosana var. formosana 

台湾堇菜(原变种) tai wan jin cai (yuan bian zhong)

Viola arisanensis W. Becker; V. formosana var. tozanensis (Hayata) C. F. Hsieh; V. taiwanensis W. Becker; V. tozanensis Hayata.

Petiole 1-10 cm; leaf blade 1-3 × 1-3 cm, broadly cordate to orbicular, apex acute to rounded or obtuse. Fl. Mar, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 22*.

 Mountains; 1400-2500 m. Taiwan.

Viola formosana var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang 

川上氏堇菜 chuan shang shi jin cai 

Basionym: Viola kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 52. 1908; V. formosanavar. stenopetala (Hayata) J. C. Wang et al.; V. hypoleuca Hayata; V. kawakamii var. stenopetalaHayata; V. matsudae Hayata; V. takasagoensis Koidzumi.

Petiole to 15 cm; leaf blade triangular-cordate, 1.5-4 × 1-4 cm, apex acute. 2n = 22*.

● Mountain forests, grassy slopes; 1200-2400 m. Taiwan.

"Viola formosana var. kawakamii (Hayata) J. C. Wang" (Tax onomic Study Viola Taiwan, 167. 1988) appeared in a Ph.D. disser tation, which is not effectively published under Art. 30.5 of theVienna Code.

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

2. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan. 1993-. Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2.

3. Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975-1979. Flora of Taiwan.

4. Wang, J. C. & T. C. Huang. 1990. Notes on the flora of Taiwan (9) the Viola L. (Violaceae). Taiwania 35:34.