kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola hirtipes S. Moore

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Common Name:  毛柄堇菜 mao bing jin cai ; Фиалка волосисточерешковая ; Sakurasumire サクラスミレ 

Synon.: Viola miyabei Makino 

Distributional Range:  Native Asia-Temperate RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Primorye] CHINA: China [Jilin Sheng (s.), Liaoning Sheng (s.e.)] EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku] Korea

Description:  Herbs perennial, acaulescent and without stolon, 7-15 cm tall at anthesis, to 30 cm at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, less than 1 cm, simple at top, often surrounded by remains of stipules; roots usually produced from same place on rhizome, oblique or slightly horizontal, white or brownish, 8-15 cm, robust, 1.5-3 mm in diam. Leaves 1-4 at anthesis; stipules greenish or glaucous, submembranous, over 1/2 adnate to petiole, free part linear-lanceolate, margin sparsely shortly glandular fimbriate-denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole equaling or slightly exceeding blade, elongated at fruiting, to 18 cm, densely sericeous; leaf blade oblong-ovate or ovate, 2-7 × 1-4 cm, both surfaces usually glabrous, or white puberulous only in lower part, particularly along veins abaxially, base slightly or deeply cordate, margin crenate, apex obtuse or ± acute; leaves increasing in number at fruiting; leaf blade enlarged to 15 cm × ca. 8 cm. Flowers purplish, large, 2-3 cm in diam.; pedicels long, slightly exceeding or equaling leaves, slender, densely or sparsely white puberulous, or sometimes subglabrous in upper part, 2-bracteolate at or below middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 6-8.5 mm, margin narrowly membranous, 3- or 5-veined, apex acute, basal auricles 1.5-2 mm, ciliate or glabrous, apex obtuse or truncate. Petals obovate, ca. 1.6 cm × ca. 7.5 mm, lateral ones distinctly bearded, ca. 1.5 × 0.6 cm, anterior one whitish and purple striate at base, 2-2.5 mm (spur included); spur cylindric, 7-9 mm, 1-2 mm in diam., straight or slightly curved upward, apex rounded. Stamens: appendages of connectives ca. 1.5 mm; anthers 2-2.5 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens long, 4-5 mm, slender, ca. 0.8 mm in diam. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous or puberulous; styles slightly geniculate at base, conspicuously thickened upward; stigmas 2-lobed, conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a smaller and upward stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24. 

Habitat: Broad-leaved forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on mountain slopes; 100-600 m. 

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

2. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

3. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

4. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.

5. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.

6. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

7. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).