kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola violacea Makino

| Bio Lib | eFlora of China | Violet in Japan |  Japanese Wild Flowers (Violaceae) | GRIN |

Synonims: Viola makinoi H. Boissieu; Viola obtusosagitta Koidz.; Viola sacraricola Nakai; Viola tanakaeana Makino

Common names: 

• Viola violacea Makino: シハイスミレ; 紫背堇菜 zi bei jin cai 

• Viola violacea f. albida (Nakai) F. Maek.：シロバナシハイスミレ 

• Viola violacea f. concolor Nakash.：ミドリシハイスミレ

• Viola violacea f. versicolor E. Hama：フイリシハイスミレ

• V. violacea var. makinoi (H. Boiss.) Hiyama ：マキノスミレ;  f. variegata E. Hama：フイリマキノスミレ

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 3-8 cm tall, usually glabrous. Rhizome short. Leaves caespitose, ascending, sometimes erect; stipules subulate-lanceolate or subulate-linear, base adnate to petioles, remotely glandulous-ciliate, membranous; petiole 2-8 cm; leaf blade abaxially usually purplish, adaxially deep green, sometimes white variegated on veins, narrowly triangular-ovate, 2-5 × 1-3 cm, both surfaces glabrous or rarely pubescent, base cordate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acute. Pedicel 5-8 cm. Flowers red-purple, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 4-7.5 mm, appendages ca. 1 mm, apex truncate or rounded. Petals 8-12 mm; lateral ones glabrous or rarely sparsely bearded; spur usually slightly curved upward, 5-7 mm, slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul. 

Distribution:  Native Asia-Temperate EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku] Korea, China [Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang ]

Habitat: Grasslands on mountain slopes, forests, thickets, rock crevices in shaded places; 300-1700 m.  

References:

1. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

2. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.

3. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

4. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.)