kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Viola  L. > Viola subsect. Rostratae Kupffer    

Viola grypoceras A. Gray 

紫花堇菜 zi hua jin cai  

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Distributional Range: Native Asia-Temperate RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kurile Islands] CHINA: China EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku] Korea, South, Taiwan

Habitat:  Grassy slopes, thickets; below 2400 m  .  

Varieties and forms: Viola grypoceras var. exilis (Miquel) Nakai; Viola grypoceras var. grypoceras ; Viola grypoceras var. hichitoana  (Nakai) F. Maek

Viola grypoceras var. pubescens (Nakai) M. Mizush; Viola grypoceras var. rhizomata  (Nakai) Ohwi and others. ( see 1.& 2)

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info

2. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

3. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

4. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan. 1993-. Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2.

5. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

6. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.

7. Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977-1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu).

8. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

9. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).

10. Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley.

11. Tai Hyun Chung. 1965. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, vol. 5, Tracheophyta.

12. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.

13. Wang, J. C. & T. C. Huang. 1990. Notes on the flora of Taiwan (9) the Viola L. (Violaceae). Taiwania 35:41.