kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.

| Bio Lib | eFlora of China | GRIN | plantarium.ru |Wild plnts in Hokkaido 

Common names:  茜堇菜 qian jin cai ;  Фиалка лысоплодная ; アカネスミレ - 茜菫

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 6-17 cm tall, dwarf at anthesis, conspicuously taller at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 3-10 mm, stout, covered with white scales, with 2 to several roots; roots yellow-brown, long, to 18 cm, robust, simple. Leaves basal, rosulate; outer stipules glaucous, membranous, bladeless, inner ones greenish, over 1/2 adnate to petiole, free part lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, apex long acuminate, margin remotely shortly fimbriate-denticulate; petiole long, 4-13 cm, slender, conspicuously winged in upper part, densely puberulous when young, later sparsely puberulous; leaf blades of lowest leaves often orbicular, those of others ovate or ovate-orbicular, 1.5-4.5 × 1.2-2.5 cm, to 6-7 × 5.5-6 cm at fruiting, both surfaces sparsely or densely (usually on young leaves at anthesis) white puberulous, sometimes purplish abaxially, base slightly cordate but deeply cordate at fruiting, margin crenate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Flowers purple-red, deep purple striate; pedicels usually exceeding or subequaling leaves, slender, puberulous, rarely glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6-7 mm (basal auricles included), margin narrowly membranous, apex acute, basal auricles 1-2 mm, densely or sparsely puberulous and ciliate, margin usually irregularly shallowly dentate, apex obtuse or truncate. Upper petals obovate, 1.1-1.3 cm × 6-7 mm, apex often repand-emarginate; lateral ones oblong-obovate, 1.1-1.3 cm × 5-6 mm, distinctly bearded, anterior one 1.7-2.2 mm (spur included), apex retuse; spur tubular, 6-9 mm, 1-1.8 mm in diam., straight or curved upward, sometimes sparsely puberulous, apex rounded. Stamens: appendages of connectives ca. 1.5 mm; anthers ca. 2 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens long, 6-7 mm, slender, 0.3-0.4 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, densely puberulous; styles clavate, base geniculate, conspicuously thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a large stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 6-8 mm, with dense short stiff hairs when young, with sparse hairs when mature. Seeds red-brown, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24. 

Distribution: Native Asia-Temperate RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Primorye] CHINA: China [Gansu Sheng (e.), Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng (s.e.), Henan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Jilin Sheng (e.), Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu, Shaanxi Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng] EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku] Korea

Habitat: Grasslands on sunny mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins; 100-600 m. 

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.