kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Viola  L. > Viola subsect. Rostratae Kupffer    

Viola acuminata Ledeb. - Acuminate Violet

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Common name:  鸡腿堇菜 ji tui jin cai ; Фиалка приострённая

Description: Herbs perennial, usually without basal leaves. Rhizome erect or oblique, robust, with numerous brownish roots. Stem usually 2-4 fasciculate, erect, 10-40 cm tall, glabrous or white puberulous in upper part. Stipules leaflike, 1-3.5 cm × 2-8 mm, herbaceous, usually pinnatifid and fimbriate, or shallowly divided, ciliate along margin, both surfaces dotlike brown glandular, sparsely puberulous along veins; lower petioles to 6 cm, upper ones shorter, 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or ovate, 1.5-5.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm, densely dotlike brown glandular on both sides, sparsely puberulous along veins, base usually cordate, rarely truncate, margin obtusely serrate and shortly ciliate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers whitish violet or white, long pedicellate; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, slender, puberulous, with 2 linear bracteoles above middle or near flower. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-2.5 mm, outer 3 longer and broader, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, apex truncate or sometimes 1- or 2-dentate, puberulous adaxially and along margin, 3-veined. Petals dotlike brown glandular, upper petals subequaling lateral ones, curved upward, usually glabrous, rarely bearded, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one often purple veined, 0.9-1.6 cm (spur included); spur usually straight, 1.5-5 mm, saccate, apex obtuse; spur of 2 anterior stamens short and obtuse, ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles slightly curved forward at base, gradually thickened, with several series of papillose protuberances at apex, shortly beaked at apex, tip of beak slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, usually dotlike yellow-brown glandular, apex acuminate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep. 

Distributional Range: Native Asia-Temperate SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia] MONGOLIA: Mongolia RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kurile Islands, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Amur, Sakhalin] CHINA: China [Anhui Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu] EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu] Korea

Habitat: Mixed forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on mountain slopes, moist places and shaded and moist grasslands in stream valleys; 400-2500 m. 

Viola acuminata var. acuminata

鸡腿堇菜(原变种) ji tui jin cai (yuan bian zhong)

Viola acuminata subsp. austroussuriensis W. Becker; V. acuminata var. austroussuriensis (W. Becker) Kitagawa; V. acuminata var. brevistipulata (W. Becker) Kitagawa; V. acuminata var.intermedia Nakai; V. austroussuriensis (W. Becker) Komarov; V. canina Linnaeus var. acuminata(Ledebour) Regel; V. micrantha Turczaninow (1832), not Presl (1822); V. micrantha lus.austroussuriensis (W. Becker) W. Becker; V. micrantha prol. brevistipulata W. Becker; V. micranthalus. kiautschauensis W. Becker; V. turczaninowii Juzepczuk.

Stipules leaflike, 1-3.5 cm × 2-8 mm, herbaceous, oblong, lanceolate or oblong, usually pinnatifid and fimbriate or shallowly divided, ciliate along margin, both surfaces dotlike brown glandular, sparsely puberulous along veins. Upper petals glabrous, spur usually straight, 1.5-3.5 mm, saccate; spur of 2 anterior stamens short and obtuse, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20.

Mixed forests, forest margins, grasslands on mountain slopes, moist places in stream valleys; 400-2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

Viola acuminata var. pilifera C. J. Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 13: 257. 1991.

毛花鸡腿堇菜 mao hua ji tui jin cai

Stipules lanceolate, remotely denticulate, puberulous. Flowers larger, spur long and thick, 4.5-5 × 2-3 mm. Upper petals inside bearded, spur of 2 anterior stamens long angular, 4-4.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.

Forest margins, thickets, shaded and moist grasslands in stream valleys; 1600-1800 m. Gansu.

References:

1. Krasnoborov, I.M. & Armemov, I.A. (2012). Opredelitel' Rastenii Respublika Altai: 1-640. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SO RAN.

• Sheremetova, S.A., Ebel, A.L. & Buko, T.E. (2011). Supplement to the flora of Kemerovo region since 2001 till 2010 Turczaninowia 14(1): 65-74.

• Nikitin, V. (2008 publ. 2009). Violets (Viola L., Violaceae) of republic of Tuva Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 40: 164-183.

• Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

• Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.