kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Viola  L. > Viola subsect. Rostratae Kupffer    

Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu

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Synon.: 

Common names: 库叶堇菜 ku ye jin cai ; Фиалка сахалинская; アイヌタチツボスミレ - アイヌ立壺菫

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent at first, 2-5 cm tall, later gradually caulescent, to more than 20 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome slender, with brown remains of scalelike stipules. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 cm × 2-4 mm, apex acuminate, adnate to petioles at base inside, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate; petiole slender, lower ones ca. 4.5 cm, upper ones shorter; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or reniform, 1-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces with brown glandular dots, glabrous or subglabrous, base cordate or broadly cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse. Flowers bluish violet, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding leaves, to 5.5 cm, with 2 opposite bracteoles near flower. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex slightly dentate. Upper and lateral petals obovate, throat white, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one oblong, 1.3-1.6 cm (spur included), distinctly veined in throat; spur shorter, ca. 3 mm, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward. Ovary glabrous, often with glandular dots; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, clavate, papillose; beak hooked, with a larger stigma hole curved upward. Capsule ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acute. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 

Distributional Range: Native Asia-Temperate SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia, [Eastern Siberia] Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia] MONGOLIA: Mongolia RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kurile Islands, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Amur, Kamchatka, Sakhalin] CHINA: China [Jilin Sheng] EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu] Korea, North

Habitat:  Forests, sparse deciduous forests, forest margins, alpine grasslands; 400-2400 m.  

Viola sacchalinensis var. sacchalinensis

库叶堇菜(原变种) ku ye jin cai (yuan bian zhong)

Viola komarovii W. Becker; V. mariae W. Becker; V. miranda W. Becker.

Rhizome usually not covered by dead leaf stipules. Stem usually longer, to 20 cm tall. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate. Petals bluish violet, oblong-ovate, apex obtuse; lateral petals distinctly bearded; spur 2.5-3 cm. Stigma papillose. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20.

Forests, forest margins; 400-2000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

In FRPS (51: 24. 1991), the name Viola mauritii Teplouchow was misapplied to this taxon.

Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 6: 291. 1977.

长白山堇菜 chang bai shan jin cai

Viola koraiensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 281. 1916.

Rhizome densely covered with dead black-brown leaf stipules and petioles. Stem usually short, glabrous. Stipules green, lanceolate, margin serrate or mostly fimbriate-serrate. Petals light violet or deep violet, broadly oblong-obovate, apex obtuse; lateral petals glabrous; spur 2-2.5 mm. Stigma glabrous. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.

Alpine grasslands, sparse deciduous forests; 1100-2400 m. S Jilin (Changbai Shan) [N Korea].

References:

1. SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia, [Eastern Siberia] Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]

• MONGOLIA: Mongolia

• RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kurile Islands, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Amur, Kamchatka, Sakhalin]

• CHINA: China [Jilin Sheng]

• EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Hokkaidô, Honshu] Korea, North