kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola breviflora Jungsim Lee & M. Kim

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Synon.:

Common Name: : 방울제비꽃 

Description: Herbs perennial. acaulescent, 6-13 cm tall. Rhizomes L-shape. Leaves basal, numerous; stipules adnate to petiole, 10-15 mm; petiole pubescent, 2-7 cm in length; leaf blade ovate, 4-6 cm in length, 2-4 cm in width, adaxial and abaxial surface pubescent; blade margin crenate; blade base shallow cordate. Pedicels purplish green, 4-8 cm, glabrous; bracteoles linear, 7-11 mm. Flowers numerous (5-10). Sepals 5, purplish green, 7-8 mm in length, glabrous; appendage toothed, glabrous, 2-3 mm. Petals 5, white; 2 upper one 11-12 × 6-7 mm; 2 lateral one beard, 10-12 × 5-6 mm; 1 lower one 9-12 × 5-7 mm; spur purplish white, 5-6 mm. Stamens 5. Pistil 1; ovary glabrous; style clavate; stigma projecting capitate, beaked in front. Capsule obovate, 7-9 mm, glabrous, purplish green; seed numerous, brown. Flowering April-May 

Distributional Range:  Native Asia-Temperate EASTERN ASIA: Korea  [central and northern Korea (Mt. Seogbyeongsan, Mt. Hambaegsan, Mt. Daedeogsan, Mt. Baekdusan) ]

Habitat: Large populations of Viola breviflora Jungsim Lee & M. Kim were found at woodlands in the Mt. Seogbyeongsan area. This new species occurs on rock places under trees in forests dominated by Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis. This species also occurs with other herbaceous species dominated by Polygonatum odoratum, Hepatica asiatica, Carex lanceolata, and Anemone reflexa .

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the unique characters including short pedicels and many flowers which this new species has 

Notes: This new species is very similar with the V. pacifica Juz. which was published invalidly without Latin description in Russia (Juzepchuk, 1949). The new species shares several characters with its related species, V. keiskei Miq., but it can be distinguished based on leaf shape (i.e., ovate), leaf bases (i.e., shallow cordate), leaf size (i.e., small), pedicel length (i.e., short), flower numbers (i.e., many), fruit color (i.e., purplish green), etc. 

References:

1. Jungsim Lee, Yong Hwang and Muyeol Kim  A new species of Viola (Violaceae): V. breviflora Jungsim Lee & M. Kim Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 44(2): 84-87 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2014.44.2.84