kingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Plagiostigma Godr.  > Viola subsect. Adnatae W. Becker 

Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link

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Synon.:Viola tenuicornis W. Becker subsp. primorskajensis W. Becker; V. variegata f. viridis (Kitagawa) P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. variegata var. viridis Kitagawa. 

Common name: 斑叶堇菜 ban ye jin cai ; Фиалка пёстрая 

Description: Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 3-12 cm tall. Rhizome usually short, 4-15 mm, slender, densely noded, with several whitish or brownish long roots. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules greenish or glaucous, submembranous, 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles unequal in length, 1-7 cm, narrowly winged or wingless in upper part, with short stiff hairs or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially usually purplish red, adaxially dark green or green, white variegated (punctate-striate) along veins, orbicular, 1.2-5 × 1-4.5 cm, both surfaces often covered with short stiff hairs, sometimes sparsely hairy or subglabrous, base conspicuously cordate, margin obtusely dentate, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers red-purple or dark purple, usually light colored in lower part, 1.2-2.2 cm; pedicels usually purplish red, unequal in length, exceeding or slightly shorter than leaves, shortly hairy or subglabrous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals usually purplish, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous or ciliate, apex acute, basal auricles shorter, 1-1.5 mm, with short stiff hairs or glabrous adaxially, apex truncate or remotely and shallowly dentate. Petals obovate, 7-14 mm, lateral ones sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one white and violet-striate at base, 1.2-2.2 cm (spur included); spur cylindric, 3-8 mm, robust or slender, apex obtuse, straight or slightly curved upward. Anthers and appendages of connectives ca. 2 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens long, to 4 mm, slender, ca. 0.3 mm in diam. Ovary subglobose, usually with short stiff hairs or subglabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously thickened on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a stigma hole open upward at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, glabrous or sparsely short hairy, globose and usually with short stiff hairs when young. Seeds brownish, small, ca. 1.5 mm, shortly appendaged. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24. 

Distribution:  Native Asia-Temperate SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Buryatia, Chita, Aga Buryat] MONGOLIA: Mongolia RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Khabarovsk, Primorye, Amur] CHINA: China [Anhui Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Shaanxi Sheng, Shanxi Sheng]

Habitat: Grasslands on mountain slopes, forests, thickets, rock crevices in shaded places; 300-1700 m.  

References:

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.

2. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.

3. Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977-. Flora intramongolica.

4. Grubov, V. I. 2001. Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia

5. Igari, M. 1996. Wild violets of Japan Note: book almost entirely in Japanese

6. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.

7. Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977-1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu).

8. Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.

9. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.

10. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea. Note: lists as Viola variegata Fisch.

11. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. Note: = Viola tricolor L. (possibly)

12. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). Note: mentions

13. Tai Hyun Chung. 1965. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, vol. 5, Tracheophyta.