vkingdom Plantae - plants »  divisio Magnoliophyta - flowering plants »  class Rosopsida - eudicots » order Malpighiales »  family Violaceae »  tribus Violeae > genus Viola > Viola sect. Chamaemelanium Ging.  > subsect. Chrysanthae  W. Becker 

Viola beckwithii Torr. & Gray - Beckwith's Violet

Infraspecies:

Viola beckwithii var. cachensis C. P. Smith – Viola beckwithii Torr. & Gray - Beckwith's Violet

Viola beckwithii subsp. glabrata M. S. Baker – Viola beckwithii Torr. & Gray - Beckwith's Violet

Viola beckwithii var. trinervata Howell – Viola trinervata (T.J. Howell) T.J. Howell ex Gray - Rainier Violet

Viola beckwithii subsp. beckwithii !

Distributional Range: Native Northern America NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Idaho, Oregon] SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California, Nevada, Utah]

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Distribution and ecology —Dry or moist places, among shrubs or beneath pines; 900–2700 m  Calif., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Utah.  

In some populations of Viola beckwithii, the three lower petals are white with a yellow area proximally (V. B. Baird 1942). Leaves have been described as palmately biternate or triternate (L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris 1923–1960, vol. 3), ternately decompound into linear segments (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3), palmately three-parted then bipinnately parted into ultimate linear or spatulate segments (P. A. Munz 1959), and palmately about three times three-parted into linear or spatulate-linear segments (W. L. Jepson 1951). Some populations in northern California are nearly or completely glabrous, which M. S. Baker recognized as var. glabrata.

Viola beckwithii is reported to hybridize with V. utahensis (G. Davidse 1976). Observed pollinators of V. beckwithii in Utah include Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Anthophora ursina Cresson (Davidse).

When Cottam described Viola bonnevillensis, he suggested that it could be a hybrid between V. beckwithii and V.utahensis, and G. Davidse (1976) concurred. The type specimen of V. bonnevillensis (Cottam 7067, UT) was examined by R. J. Little. Because no similar forms are known to have been collected since 1939, it is presumed that this taxon is a hybrid

References:

1. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California

2. Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.

3. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening

4. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.

5. Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora.