Romans 10
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9 Because if you would confess by the mouth of yours, ‘Lord Jesus’, and trust in the heart of yours that God raised Him from dead ones, you will be saved.
10 For by heart one trusts unto righteousness, and by mouth one confesses unto salvation.
11 For the scripture says, ‘Everyone trusting on Him will not be ashamed.’
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16
17 So the faith [is] from hearing. Yet, the hearing [is] through God's α utterance. β
18 But, I say, No, they heard not? While therefore indeed, α "Into all the Earth went the phthongos β of theirs, and to the limits of civilisation γ the utterances of theirs",
19 but, I say, No, Israel did not know? First Moses says, "I, I myself will make you jealous over 'Not [a] Nation'. Over [an] uncomprehending nation I will enrage you." α
20 Yet Esaias dares greatly and says, "I was found among α the [ones] not seeking Me. I became visible β to the [ones] not intensely asking."
21 Yet to α the Israel he says, "All the day I have spread out the hands of mine to [a] people disobeying β and contradicting."
Notes
17 α Many manuscripts read "Christ's". β The meaning here may be similar to the Lord's quotation of Deuteronomy 8:3 in Matthew 4:4, "Not on bread alone will the human being live, but on every utterance going out via God's mouth." Two meanings simultaneously can be heard: firstly, all provision is dependent on an utterance from God commanding it, and secondly, the provision itself is composed of God's utterances.
18 α This is a literal translation of the compound Ancient Greek word men-oun-ge (μενοῦνγε). It makes sense when one considers that later in this reasoning (sadly broken by a chapter break inserted onto the letter), Paul writes that some Israelites have in fact not heard, because of God's will: "The God gave to them... ears of not hearing even to the present day" (chapter 11, verse 8). β This Ancient Greek word, phthongos (φθόγγος), appears to refer to sound of a certain quality, but it's not clear what quality! "Clear sound", which dictionaries like BDAG and LSJ support, is not refuted by the use of the word in 1 Corinthians 14:7? It appears to refer to a positive and piercing (generally powerful, effective) quality of sound: consider for example the use of the related verb φθέγγομαι (phthengomai) in Amos 1:2 and Psalm 119[8]:172. γ Or "the human-inhabited world".
20 α It is possible to interpret "Not Nation" and the "uncomprehending nation" as references to the apostate Israel that loses its status as a nation by not comprehending the Messiah (Deuteronomy 18:15-19, Acts 3:22-23, Romans 11:11-24).
20 α Or "by". β Or "manifest".
21 α Or "regarding". β Or "disbelieving".