<教學分享> Fresh English-阿飛談文法 (2) 使役動詞

Post date: Sep 23, 2015 8:11:39 AM

文法,十個學生有九個半聽到都會一個頭兩個大,文法是多年來台灣英語教育體制下一個受害者,其實文法就是一個語言的骨架,讓溝通有效率和正確地傳達,我們來看看國外如何定義文法(Grammar)一詞:

Grammar is one of the most important concepts in human communication. It is how people ensure that they are understood properly, and it is also the most effective way to express any thoughts and concepts that they want to share.

然而,原是活用的句子結構,確演變成一條條硬梆梆的公式,讓學生避而遠之,真的是讓人心酸啊。好在,阿飛在課程上慢慢導正學生和學員(成人英文)對於文法的誤解,而讓他們覺得文法其實是語言應用的根本,讓他們慢慢去感受到文法的優點和生活面,而非考試面;換言之,就是要溝通用而非考試用。

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今天Fresh English--阿飛談文法,我們來認識一下使役動詞(Causative)的用法。基本上,使役動詞要表達的就是某人使某人做某事,只是這個"使"的程度強烈不同。而使役動詞的動詞主角最常見的有四位,分別是make, has, let, get,說真的不難記,只是意思上和原先的動詞意思有寫出入。根據國外的文法書解釋,意思可以簡化為如下:

A makes B do something. = A forces (強迫) B to do something.

A has B do something. = A requests (要求) that B do something.

A lets B do something. = A permits (准許) B to do something.

A gets B to do something. = A persuades (說服) B to do something.

Make的用法

先來看看語氣最強烈的make,剛從上述的簡意中可以知道有強迫、強制(force)的語意在。

My mom made me do the laundry.

= My mom forced me to do the laundry.

在許多有關愛情的歌曲裡面,常常出現不少make這個字。在Adele版本中的I can’t make you love me,歌名很顯然已經是傳遞了其意思,歌詞裡面也是有這麼兩句:

And I will give up this fight. Cause I can’t make you love me if you don’t. You can’t make your heart feel something that it won’t.

其實很多歌曲中都有喔,可以找一找,挺有趣的。

Have的用法

接著我們來看看have,帶有要求(request)的意思。例如:

I had my sister clean the room for me.

= I requested that my sister clean my room.

在教學過程中,使役動詞make、have和let,常常會看到學生不小心將使役動詞和不定詞混淆,記得,這三個使役動詞後都只能接原形動詞喔。

例如:

I had my dog do a trick. (O)

I had my dog to do a trick. (X)

如果還是忘記怎麼辦呢?只能再多多提醒學生,既然這三位被都獨立出來稱作使役動詞,使用方法當然就與不定詞的用法有所不同囉 ! 切記!切記!

Let的用法

接著這位要出場的是let,其包含的意思為准許(permit)的之意,語氣比起have來的較弱,也沒有強制性。例如:

My mom let me choose my own dress.

= My mom permitted me to choose my own dress.

在Rascal Flatts版本中的I won’t let go,歌詞裡面就有這麼一句:

I will dry your eyes. I will fight your fight. I will hold you tight. And I won’t let you fall. Don’t be afraid to fall. I am right here to catch you. I won’t let you go.

Get的用法

最後一個常用的使役動詞成員就是get了,不過他算是老四,也就是說起話來最沒有分量,語氣也最柔和。剛剛上述有提到其意思是說服(persuade),說服某人去做他不太想做的某件事情。例如:

I got my sister to clean my room.

= I persuaded my sister to clean my room.

注意!注意!注意!

雖然get被歸為使役動詞,但是他後面接的是不定詞,而非原形動詞喔!

歌曲參考:

Adele / I Can’t Make You Love Me

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vfj-peP6a7o

Rascal Flatts / I Won’t Let Go.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW9zMSwKIdU