There is nothing in the source material specifically about what to say after someone sneezes (or coughs violently).
Side note: A direct translation of "bless you" doesn't make sense in part because the religion did not involve worshipping gods that grant favors.
Earth-Mando responses to a sneeze:
Cinari buy’ce. "Clean (your) bucket/helmet." This is an extremely informal/casual directive.
Ke jahaala. "Be healthy." This uses the command particle, though it's not an action than anyone has too much control over.
For sneezing fits, people have suggested:
Gev! "Stop it! Pack it in!" (in the sense of "move on to the next activity").
K'oyacyi! "Stay alive!"
Ke ramaana shev'la! "Die quietly!"
Ke nu ramaana! "Don't die!"
Ke nu ash'amu! "Don't die violently!"