Pinaceae
Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi, Syst. Orb. Veg. 35. 1830. nom. cons.
Characteristic Features
Plants monoeciuos, evergreen, resinous trees or rarely shrubs.
Leaves simple, linear or acicular, spiral.
Male cones (strobilous) relatively smaller, clustered at branch tips. Microsporophylls thin, papery, with two adaxial microsporangia containing 2-saccate pollen.
Female cones relatively large, perennial, with spirally arranged, thick, woody ovuliferous scales.
Ovules inverted, usually two, born on adaxial surface of ovuliferous scale, usually winged.
Diversity
World: 11 genera, 228 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 12 genera, 225 species (Mabberley 2017); 11 genera, 236 species (POWO 2021); 11 genera, 231 species (Roskov et al. 2021); 11 genera, 232 species (The Gymnosperm Database).
India: 6 genera, 19 species (Singh & Srivastava 2013); 7 genera, 43 species (BSI 2021)
Western Himalaya: 5 genera, 9 species (Khuraijam & Majumdar 2019, wild species only)
Uttarakhand: 5 genera, 9 species (Uniyal et al. 2007); 5 genera, 20 species (Tewari et al. 2010); 5 genera, 8 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)
Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classification
Sporne 1974
Gymnosperms
Class- Coniferopsida
Order- Coniferales
Family- Pinaceae
Cantino et al. 2007
[Phylogenetic and Rankless classification]
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Lignophyta
Apo-Spermatophyta
Spermatophyta
Acrogymnospermae
Coniferae
Pinaceae
Christenhusz et al. 2011
Class- Equisetopsida
Subclass-Pinidae
Order- Pinales
Family- Pinaceae
Mabberley 2017
Gymnosperms
Subclass- Pinidae
Order- Pinales
Family- Pinaceae
Simpson 2019
[Phylogenetic and Rankless classification]
Gymnospermae (Acrogymnospermae)
Coniferae
Pinopsida
Pinaceae
The Gymnosperm Database (Earle 1997-2021)
Gymnosperms
Subclass- Pinidae
Order- Pinales
Family- Pinaceae
Systematic Position in 2-Super kingdom 7-Kingdom Classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Gymnospermae, Class- Pinopsida, Subclass- Pinidae, Order- Pinales
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Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Vernacular name: Chir pine, Himalayan longleaf pine (English), Chir (Hindi)
Nativity: Mountains of Pakistan and Himalaya (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Tree up to 50m tall. Bark thick, red- brown, deeply and longitudinally fissured. Needle like leaves, fascicles of three, cones ovoid.
Flowering period: March to May
Propagation Methods: Multiplied easily by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ IGH