Moraceae
Moraceae Gaudich., Gen. Pl. 13. 1835. nom. cons. 'Mulberry Family'
Characteristic Features:
Monoecious or dioecious trees, shrubs, lianas or herbs with milky latex
Leaves simple, spiral or opposite, stipulate
Flowers unisexual, female flowers usually have bicarpellate gynoecium and single apical to subapical ovule
Fruit a multiple of achenes, or a syconium
Diversity:
World- 40 genera 1,217 species (The Plant List 2013); 38 genera, 1,180 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 40 genera, 1200 species (Mabberely 2017); 41 genera, 1243 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 13 genera 122 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 12 genera, 142 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 8 genera, 74 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 7 genera 39 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Moraceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Moraceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder-Rosanae, Order-Rosales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Monochlamydeae
Series : Unisexuales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Urticales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Urticales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Hamamelidae
Order : Urticales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Malvidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Urticales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Urticales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Rosanae
Order : Urticales
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superrosids
Clade : Rosids
Clade : Fabids
Order : Rosales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Rosanae
Order : Rosales
Suborder : Urticineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham.
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Her. Ex Vent.-female
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Her. Ex Vent.- male
***Cultivated Flora***
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Vernacular name: Indian bread-fruit, jack-fruit (English); Kathal (Hindi)
Nativity: India (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Evergreen trees. Leaves leathery, oval, apex blunt or acuminate. Flowers in cauliflorous sorosis. Fruit large, multiple.
Flowering period: Throughout the year
Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ HRC
Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.
Vernacular name: Rubber Tree, Indian Rubber Bush
Nativity: Nepal to China (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Evergreen trees. Leaves oval shaped, leathery and shiny, new leaves borne at the branch tip inside reddish sheath.
Flowering period: February to May
Propagation Methods: Propagated by air layering (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Garden Section
Ficus lyrata Warb.
Vernacular name: Fiddle Leaf Fig, Banjo fig
Nativity: West Central Tropical Africa (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Evergreen trees. Leaves large, fiddle- shaped, broad apex, repand margin. Fruit green rounded fig in axil of leaves.
Flowering period: April to September
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings or by air layering (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Badi Market
Morus alba L.
Vernacular name: White Mulberry, Silkworm Mulberry (English); Shahtoot (Hindi)
Nativity: China (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Deciduous trees. Leaves simple, sometime 3 lobed, ovate, dentate- crenate, adaxially glabrous. Fruit ovoid white to red or blackish, drooping, multiple.
Flowering period: February to May
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings or by seeds (Landscape Plant Propagation Information)
Photographed @ HRC
Morus macroura Miq.
Vernacular name: Mulberry (English); Sehtoot (Hindi)
Nativity: Eastern Himalaya to China (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Deciduous trees. Leaves ovate, unusullay lobed, acuminate. Fruit elonagated.
Flowering period: February to June
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings or by seeds (Useful Tropical Plants)
Photographed @ HRC