Malvaceae
Malvaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 271. 1789. nom. cons. 'Mallow Family'
Characteristic Features:
Herbs, shrubs or trees often with stellate trichomes and mucilage
Flowers bear epicalyx, calyx valvate, corolla often convolute
Stamens connate as tube or 5 bundles, anthers monothecous
Ovary syncarpous, superior with axile ovules
Diversity:
World- 245 genera 4,465 species (The Plant List 2013); 244 genera, 4,225 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 229 genera, 5100 species (Mabberely 2017); 246 genera, 5424 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 52 genera 219 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 25 genera, 116 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 20 genera, 65 species (Singh et al. 2019) [different circumscription]
Uttarakhand -30 genera 78 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)
General Characters:
Malvaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Malvaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Rosanae, Order-Malvales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass: Polypetalae
Series : Thalamiflorae
Orders : Malvales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Malvales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Malvales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Order : Malvales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Malvidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dilleniidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Myrtanae
Order : Malvales
Suborder : Malvineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superrosids
Clade : Rosids
Clade : Malvids
Order : Malvales
Shipunov (2016)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Rosidae
Super Order: Malvanae
Order : Malvales
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
***Cultivated Flora***
Dombeya burgessiae Gerr. ex Harv. & Sond.
Vernacular name: Dombey, Showy Dombeya, Maple Leaved Dombeya
Nativity: Madagascar (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Shrub or small tree. Leaf blade 3-5 lobed, cordate, acuminate atapex. Bracts linear. Flower in umbellate cyme, white, stigma 5 lobed.
Flowering period: December to March
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cutting and seeds(Useful Tropical Plants)
Photographed near Stevenson Stadium
Hibiscus mutabilis L.
Vernacular name: Dixie Rosemallow
Nativity: South China and Taiwan (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Small trees or shrubs. Leaves digitately 3 to 7 lobed, cordate, crenate. Flowers in terminal clustes on branches, pink or white, single or double.
Flowering period: September to November
Propagation Methods: Propagate by stem cuttings and seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Garden Section
Hibiscus radiatus Cav.
Vernacular name: Monarch Rosemallow, Ruby Hibiscus
Nativity: India to Myanmar (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Decumbent shrubs. Leaves digitately 3 to 5 lobed. Epicalayx segmented, forked. Flower solitary, axillary, red with dark centre.
Flowering period: August to February
Propagation Methods: Propagated by woody stem cuttings and from seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ CVAS
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
Vernacular name: Hibiscus, China rose, Chinese hibiscus (English); Gurhal (Hindi)
Nativity: India (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Shrubs. Leaves simple, shiny, ovate to lanceolate, margin dentate. Flower solitary, axillary, single or double.
Flowering period: Throughout the year
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Gangotri Bhawan
Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. ex Cav.
Vernacular name: Turk cap, Sleeping hibiscus
Nativity: Mexico to Trinidad and Peru (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Perennial shrub. Leaves simple or shallow 3 lobed, cordate at base, attenuate at apex. Flower solitary, axillary, drooping, petals wrapped around stamen.
Flowering period: Throughout the year
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cuttings (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ CT