Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 89. 1789. nom. cons. 'Plantain Family'
Characteristic Features:
Herbs or rarely shrubs
Leaves spiral or whorled
Flowers unisexual or bisexual
Sepals, petals connate
Stamens 1-8
Gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous with superior or inferior ovary
Fruit a capsule, achene, berry or schizocarp of nutlets
Diversity:
World- 120 genera 1,614 species (The Plant List 2013); 94 genera 1,900 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 97 genera, 1850 species (Mabberely 2017); 89 genera, 2126 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 1 genus, 13 species (BSI, 2021, different circumscription)
Indian Himalaya- 1 genus, 12 species (Singh et al. 2019) [different circumscription]
Uttarakhand - 20 genera 57 species (Uniyal et al. 2007)
General Characters:
Plantaginaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Plantaginaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Lamiales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Lamiales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Plantaginales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum: Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Plantaginales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Plantaginales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order: Lamianae
Order : Lamiales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Lanianae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
APG-IV (2016)
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Lamiales
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order: Asteranae
Order : Lamiales
Suborder : Lamiineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
To see larger images please click on the names
~~~Wild Flora~~~
***Cultivated Flora***
Antirrhinum majus L.
Vernacular name: Common Snapdragon, Dog Flower
Nativity: Easterm Mediterranean (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Annual erectherbs. Leaves ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, tapering on both ends. Flowers in terminal spike, corolla two lipped.
Flowering period: February to April
Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC
Linaria maroccana Hook.f.
Vernacular name: Moroccan toadflax
Nativity: Morocco (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Erect annual herbs. Leaves linear. Flowers in long terminal racemes.petal colours cariable, with yellow spot on palate.
Flowering period: April to June
Propagation Methods: Grown by seeds (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ MFC
Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham.
Vernacular name: Firecracker plant, Coral plant, Fountain plant (English); Rasili (Hindi)
Nativity: Mexico (POWO, 2019)
Common Characteristics: Ornamental shrub, densely branched. Leaves linear. Flowers coral red, tubular.
Flowering period: Almost throughout the year
Propagation Methods: Propagated by stem cutting (Dave’s Garden)
Photographed @ Garden Section