Balsaminaceae
Balsaminaceae A.Rich., Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 2: 173. 1822. nom. cons. 'Jewel-Weed Family'
Characteristic Features:
Mostly herbs with translucent aerial stems
Leaves simple, usually spiral on stem
Flowers zygomorphic, usually resupinate and with sepal spur
Stamens 5, monoadelphous with connate anthers making calyptras over gynoecium
Ovary syncarpous and superior
Fruit a touch- sensitive explosively dehiscent capsule
Diversity:
World : 2 genera 488 species (The Plant List 2013); 2 genera, 1000 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 2 genera, species (Mabberely 2017); 2 genera, 1097 species (CoL 2021)
India : 1 genus 200 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 2 genera, 280 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 1 genus, 120 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand : 1 genus 27 species (Uniyal et al. 2007), 1 genus 30 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)
General Characters:
Balsaminaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Balsaminaceae in Wikipedia
Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder- Asteranae, Order- Ericales
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Polypetalae
Series : Disciflorae
Orders : Geraniales
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta Siphonogama
Subdivision: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Archichlamydeae
Order : Sapindales
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Herbaceae
Order : Geraniales
Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Geraniales
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Ericanae
Order : Balsaminales
Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Dileniidae
Super Order : Ericanae
Order : Balsaminales
Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order: Ericanae
Order : Ericales
Suborder : Balsaminineae
APG-IV (2016)
Division : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Ericale
Shipunov (2020)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Ericales
Suborder : Balsaminineae
Genera & Species in Pantnagar
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