Menispermaceae

Menispermaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 284. 1789. nom. cons. 'Moonseed Family'

Characteristic Features:

Often dioecious vines and lianas
Leaves coriaceous, peltate, with palmate venation and pulvinate petioles
Flowers small, trimerous
Fruits often druplets and have sculpted and strongly curved endocarp

Diversity:

World- 68 genera 448 species (The Plant List 2013); 68 genera, 440 species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016); 72 genera, 450 species (Mabberely 2017); 74 genera, 542 species (Roskov et al. 2021)
India - 22 genera 43 species (Karthikeyan 2000); 20 genera, 45 species (BSI, 2021)
Indian Himalaya- 14 genera, 28 species (Singh et al. 2019)
Uttarakhand - 4 genera 9 species (Uniyal et al. 2007), 7 genera 10 species (Pusalkar & Srivastava 2018)

General Characters:

Menispermaceae in Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
Menispermaceae in Stevens (2001 onwards)
Menispermaceae in POWO 2021 (Plants of the World Online)
Menispermaceae in Wikepedia

Systematic Position of the Family in Different Systems of Classifications:

Systematic position in 2-Superkingdom, 7-Kingdom classification of Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Super Kingdom- Eukaryota, Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Viridiplantae, Infrakingdom- Streptophyta, Superphylum- Embryophyta, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Subphylum- Spermatophytina, Superclass- Angiospermae, Class- Magnoliopsida, Superorder-Nymphaeanae, Order- Nymphaeales